{"id":81461,"date":"2023-03-07T11:15:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/sk-vybudujte-si-zahradnu-podu-pridanim-dusika-do-drevnej-stiepky\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:15:35","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:35","slug":"sk-vybudujte-si-zahradnu-podu-pridanim-dusika-do-drevnej-stiepky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/2023\/03\/07\/sk-vybudujte-si-zahradnu-podu-pridanim-dusika-do-drevnej-stiepky\/","title":{"rendered":"Vybudujte si z\u00e1hradn\u00fa p\u00f4du pridan\u00edm dus\u00edka do drevnej \u0161tiepky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch mul\u010dovania drevnou \u0161tiepkou a o tom, pre\u010do by ste mali do drevnej \u0161tiepky prid\u00e1va\u0165 dus\u00edk pre dlhodob\u00fd pr\u00ednos v z\u00e1hrade.\n<\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ekologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rov zistila, \u017ee im dobre sl\u00fa\u017ei nasledovanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch vzorov. Pri budovan\u00ed bohat\u0161ej p\u00f4dy sa pr\u00edroda vo ve\u013ekej miere spolieha na stromy — opadan\u00e9 kon\u00e1re, l\u00edstie, \u0161i\u0161ky, semen\u00e1 a nakoniec aj mohutn\u00e9 kmene. Prisp\u00f4sobenie tohto pl\u00e1nu na budovanie z\u00e1hradnej p\u00f4dy pomocou dreven\u00e9ho mul\u010da — ako s\u00fa drevn\u00e9 \u0161tiepky, piliny alebo in\u00e9 drevn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky — je strat\u00e9giou, ktor\u00e1 s\u013eubuje obrovsk\u00e9 a dlhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy.\n<\/p>\n

Ter\u00e9nne \u0161t\u00fadie z 50. rokov 20. storo\u010dia nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee drevn\u00e1 strava s vysok\u00fdm obsahom vl\u00e1kniny je presne to, \u010do mnoh\u00e9 p\u00f4dy potrebuj\u00fa. Zhnit\u00e9 kusy dreva sa dlho udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa ako organick\u00e1 hmota, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy zadr\u017eiava\u0165 \u017eiviny a vlhkos\u0165, \u010do vedie k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm a lep\u0161\u00edm plodin\u00e1m.\n<\/p>\n

Ale po\u010dkajte: dreviny obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea uhl\u00edka a celul\u00f3zy, tak\u017ee na rozklad potrebuj\u00fa dus\u00edk a \u010das. Ak tieto skuto\u010dnosti ignorujete a primie\u0161ate \u010derstv\u00e9 piliny alebo drevn\u00fa \u0161tiepku priamo do p\u00f4dy, tieto materi\u00e1ly na seba navia\u017eu ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 dus\u00edka a na jednu alebo dve sez\u00f3ny sa stane miesto nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 na z\u00e1hradk\u00e1r\u010denie.\n<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledok sa v\u0161ak zmen\u00ed, ak prid\u00e1te dus\u00edk alebo \u010das. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f v\u00fdskumn\u00edci v roku 2005 vysadili nov\u00fd ekologick\u00fd jablo\u0148ov\u00fd sad v severnom Maine, \u010derstv\u00e1 drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka v kombin\u00e1cii s krvnou m\u00fa\u010dkou (organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l s ve\u013emi vysok\u00fdm obsahom dus\u00edka s typickou anal\u00fdzou 12-0-0) a zapraven\u00e1 do vrchnej vrstvy p\u00f4dy — plus povrchov\u00fd mul\u010d z drevnej \u0161tiepky — sa uk\u00e1zali ako lep\u0161ie ako tri in\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby o\u0161etrenia pri podpore r\u00fdchleho rastu stromov. A za menej ako dva roky sa obsah organickej hmoty na ploch\u00e1ch so \u0161tiepkou zv\u00fd\u0161il takmer z nuly na 2 a\u017e 3 percent\u00e1.\n<\/p>\n

Piliny maj\u00fa ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu exponovan\u00fa plochu ako drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka, tak\u017ee zapracovanie \u010derstv\u00fdch pil\u00edn do p\u00f4dy nie je dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad z chemick\u00e9ho (kv\u00f4li viazaniu dus\u00edka) ani fyzik\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska (zmes nebude dr\u017ea\u0165 vodu). Piliny s\u00fa v\u0161ak vynikaj\u00facim mul\u010dom pre viacro\u010dn\u00e9 plodiny. Pokia\u013e pri ka\u017edom nasypan\u00ed \u010derstvej vrstvy na povrch rozsypete trochu organick\u00e9ho hnojiva, hydinov\u00e9ho hnoja alebo in\u00e9ho zdroja dus\u00edka, s\u00fa piliny neprekonate\u013en\u00fdm mul\u010dom pre \u010du\u010doriedky, jahody a maliny a m\u00f4\u017eu dobre posl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 aj pre \u0161parg\u013eu.\n<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hradn\u00e9 chodn\u00edky vydl\u00e1\u017eden\u00e9 novinami pokryt\u00fdmi pilinami s\u00fa pod nohami ako koberec. Po zhnit\u00ed piliny v\u00fdznamne prispievaj\u00fa k \u0161trukt\u00fare p\u00f4dy, preto\u017ee hubovit\u00e9 k\u00fasky dlho pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa v p\u00f4de. Obava, \u017ee dreviny okys\u013euj\u00fa p\u00f4du, je m\u00fdtus. Len v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch rozkladu doch\u00e1dza k r\u00fdchlemu vyplavovaniu kysel\u00edn, ke\u010f sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa rozklada\u0165 celul\u00f3zov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna. Dlhodob\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie \u00fa\u010dinkov drevnej \u0161tiepky a pil\u00edn v p\u00f4de v skuto\u010dnosti ukazuj\u00fa mierne zv\u00fd\u0161enie pH p\u00f4dy, \u010do je dobr\u00e1 spr\u00e1va pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu plod\u00edn vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine z\u00e1hrad. (\u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ie je pH, t\u00fdm kyslej\u0161ia je p\u00f4da.)\n<\/p>\n

\u0160ialenstvo myc\u00e9lia
\n<\/h2>\n

V \u0161t\u00fadii o jablkovom sade v Maine v\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm pozoroval, \u017ee plochy s drevnou \u0161tiepkou boli pokryt\u00e9 bielym myc\u00e9liom, ktor\u00e9 je vegetat\u00edvnou formou mnoh\u00fdch plodn\u00edc h\u00fab a je v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me ako biela hniloba. V\u00fdvoj t\u00fdchto h\u00fab v drevnom mul\u010di zvy\u0161uje mno\u017estvo a zlep\u0161uje charakter organickej hmoty v p\u00f4de, ako aj pom\u00e1ha schopnosti p\u00f4dy udr\u017eiava\u0165 vlhkos\u0165. Obrovsk\u00e1 skupina h\u00fab zn\u00e1ma pod spolo\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom Basidiomycetes je hlavn\u00fdm akt\u00e9rom rozkladu drevnej \u0161tiepky. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich produkuj\u00fa huby — pekn\u00e9, ale nie v\u0161eobecne jedl\u00e9. Tam, kde sa vlhk\u00e1 drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka spoj\u00ed s p\u00f4dou, tieto huby vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa enz\u00fdmy na pr\u00edstup k \u017eivin\u00e1m v dreve, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre ne zdrojom energie na rast bielych h\u00fdf pripom\u00ednaj\u00facich vl\u00e1kna. H\u00fdfy sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa do myc\u00e9lia, ktor\u00e9 je \u013eahko vidite\u013en\u00e9. Okrem h\u00fab je nieko\u013eko \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch druhov bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed schopn\u00fdch rozklada\u0165 materi\u00e1ly s vysok\u00fdm obsahom celul\u00f3zy, ako je napr\u00edklad drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 tr\u00e1via zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00face huby. Pri takomto poh\u013eade je \u013eahk\u00e9 predstavi\u0165 si drevn\u00fa \u0161tiepku v p\u00f4de ako \u017eivotn\u00fd pl\u0165, ktor\u00fd podporuje tri hlavn\u00e9 \u00farovne p\u00f4dneho \u017eivota: vl\u00e1knit\u00fa organick\u00fa hmotu samotnej \u0161tiepky, biologick\u00fa masu vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch h\u00fab, ktor\u00e1 na nej rastie, a prospe\u0161n\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e9 prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa a odch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa vo vln\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

\u0160tartovacie kol\u00f3nie t\u00fdchto mikroorganizmov sa zvy\u010dajne nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na k\u00f4re \u0161tiepan\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov. Tradd Cotter, mykol\u00f3g a majite\u013e spolo\u010dnosti Mushroom Mountain v Ju\u017enej Karol\u00edne, hovor\u00ed, \u017ee huby pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 na dreve za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo r\u00e1s\u0165 po narezan\u00ed alebo na\u0161tiepen\u00ed dreva. Vo vlhkom podneb\u00ed nemus\u00ed by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 prid\u00e1va\u0165 hubov\u00fd inokulant na na\u0161tartovanie procesu, ale Cotter hovor\u00ed, \u017ee poskytnutie inokulantov vo forme pilinov\u00e9ho trusu (piliny pokryt\u00e9 akt\u00edvne rast\u00facim myc\u00e9liom) m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u00fdchli\u0165 a zlep\u0161i\u0165 proces tvorby p\u00f4dy. Mo\u017eno’v tomto procese z\u00edskate aj nejak\u00e9 jedl\u00e9 huby. “P\u00f4vodn\u00fd jedl\u00fd druh strof\u00e1ria kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e1 (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) je z\u010faleka na\u0161\u00edm najlep\u0161\u00edm kme\u0148om rozkladaj\u00facim drevo,” hovor\u00ed Cotter. “Roz\u0161iruje sa po na\u0161ich z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch, zvy\u0161uje h\u013abku p\u00f4dy a pri\u0165ahuje u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, napr\u00edklad d\u00e1\u017e\u010fovky.”Piliny alebo drevn\u00fa \u0161tiepku z v\u00fdtrusov strof\u00e1rie (winecaps) a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch druhov si m\u00f4\u017eete k\u00fapi\u0165 v na\u0161om obchode Field and Forest Products a Fungi Perfecti.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Obnovenie zdrojov
\n<\/h2>\n

Drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka a piliny s\u00fa ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edmi produktmi in\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, tak\u017ee prv\u00fdm krokom je n\u00e1js\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 miestne zdroje. Ak b\u00fdvate v bl\u00edzkosti p\u00edly, pravdepodobne m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 piliny lacno, hoci budete potrebova\u0165 z\u00e1ruku od prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013ea p\u00edly, \u017ee neobsahuj\u00fa piliny z \u010diernych orechov, ktor\u00e9 uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa tox\u00edn, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vra\u017eedn\u00fd pre paradajky a in\u00fa citliv\u00fa zeleninu. V z\u00e1hrade sa vyhnite aj pilin\u00e1m z preglejky a lakovan\u00e9ho alebo o\u0161etren\u00e9ho dreva kv\u00f4li lepidl\u00e1m a in\u00fdm chemik\u00e1li\u00e1m. V pr\u00edpade pil\u00edn plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ie ste vo v\u00fdrobnom re\u0165azci (p\u00edla, ktor\u00e1 spracov\u00e1va cel\u00e9 kmene), t\u00fdm je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee z\u00edskate piliny vhodn\u00e9 na z\u00e1hradu. Na \u00fa\u010dely budovania p\u00f4dy s\u00fa hrub\u00e9 piliny lep\u0161ie ako jemn\u00e9, preto\u017ee je menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee sa zbalia do roho\u017ee, a dlh\u0161ie vydr\u017eia ako organick\u00e1 hmota v p\u00f4de.\n<\/p>\n

Ak sa piliny udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa vlhk\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu sa prekvapivo r\u00fdchlo rozlo\u017ei\u0165. V \u0161t\u00fadii na \u0160t\u00e1tnej univerzite v Ohiu sa piliny rozkladali r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako noviny alebo slama, ktor\u00e9 boli rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 aj po 16 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och. Ak chcete ur\u00fdchli\u0165 hnitie hromady pil\u00edn, sta\u010d\u00ed prida\u0165 vlhkos\u0165 a dus\u00edk. To sa d\u00e1 dosiahnu\u0165 zmie\u0161an\u00edm ve\u013ekej d\u00e1vky rybej emulzie, jej naliat\u00edm do u\u017e vlhkej hromady pil\u00edn v tvare \u0161i\u0161ky a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm prikryt\u00edm plachtou alebo starou dekou, aby sa vlhkos\u0165 udr\u017eala. Ke\u010f piliny s\u010dernej\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017eete ich pou\u017ei\u0165 na vy\u013eah\u010denie akejko\u013evek p\u00f4dy — vr\u00e1tane zeminy do kvetin\u00e1\u010dov — pre sadenice a z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rstvo v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine najnov\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed s drevnou \u0161tiepkou sa pou\u017eila tzv. rozvetven\u00e1 drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka, ktor\u00e1 vznikne, ke\u010f sa \u017eiv\u00e9 kon\u00e1re tvrd\u00e9ho dreva bez listov s priemerom 2 a\u017e 3 palce pre\u017een\u00fa cez \u0161tiepkova\u010d a vytvoria sa z nich k\u00fasky \u0161irok\u00e9 pol a\u017e 1 palec a dlh\u00e9 1 a\u017e 4 palce. Ramialov\u00e9 \u0161tiepky maj\u00fa vzh\u013eadom na ve\u013ekos\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fdch kon\u00e1rov pomerne m\u00e1lo k\u00f4ry a jadrov\u00e9ho dreva, \u010do ich rob\u00ed tak\u00fdmi atrakt\u00edvnymi ako doplnok p\u00f4dy. Vynikaj\u00face d\u00e1vky obsahuj\u00fa aj m\u00e1lo listov, \u0161i\u0161iek alebo in\u00fdch pich\u013eav\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n

Rozvetven\u00fa drevn\u00fa \u0161tiepku m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 zadarmo, ak sa spoj\u00edte s pracovn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed vo va\u0161ej oblasti orez\u00e1vaj\u00fa stromy. V niektor\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch, ako napr\u00edklad v Oshkoshi v \u0161t\u00e1te Wisconsin, m\u00f4\u017eete v niektor\u00e9 soboty odnies\u0165 mal\u00e9 kon\u00e1re do \u0161tiepkovacieho centra a vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa domov s vlastnou dom\u00e1cou \u0161tiepkou. Nech u\u017e \u017eijete kdeko\u013evek, na n\u00e1jdenie bezplatn\u00fdch dod\u00e1vok by malo sta\u010di\u0165 nieko\u013eko telefon\u00e1tov miestnym komun\u00e1lnym spolo\u010dnostiam alebo firm\u00e1m poskytuj\u00facim slu\u017eby v oblasti stromov. Drevn\u00e1 \u0161tiepka \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed na skl\u00e1dkach, vyu\u017eime ju rad\u0161ej na obohatenie p\u00f4dy v na\u0161ich z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

Mo\u017enosti \u0161tiepkova\u010da a drvi\u010da
\n<\/h2>\n
<\/figure>\n

Ak m\u00e1te na pozemku ve\u013ea stromov, o ktor\u00e9 sa mus\u00edte stara\u0165, mo\u017eno si budete chcie\u0165 k\u00fapi\u0165 \u0161tiepkova\u010d a vyrobi\u0165 si vlastn\u00e9 mul\u010dovacie prostriedky na \u00fapravu p\u00f4dy. Stroj m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 aj na drvenie jesenn\u00e9ho l\u00edstia. Ak b\u00farka vyvr\u00e1ti strom, m\u00f4\u017eete si prenaja\u0165 \u0161tiepkova\u010d alebo si naja\u0165 niekoho, kto ho pr\u00edde na\u0161tiepa\u0165 za v\u00e1s. Medzi spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa \u0161tiepkova\u010de, patria BCS, Country Home, Echo a MacKissic.\n<\/p>\n

Redaktorka Barbara Pleasant z\u00e1hradn\u00ed\u010di v juhoz\u00e1padnej Virg\u00ednii, kde pestuje zeleninu, bylinky, ovocie, kvety a nieko\u013eko \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch sliepok.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch mul\u010dovania drevnou \u0161tiepkou a o tom, pre\u010do by ste mali do drevnej \u0161tiepky prid\u00e1va\u0165 dus\u00edk pre dlhodob\u00fd pr\u00ednos v z\u00e1hrade. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ekologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rov zistila, \u017ee im dobre sl\u00fa\u017ei nasledovanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch vzorov. Pri budovan\u00ed bohat\u0161ej p\u00f4dy sa pr\u00edroda vo ve\u013ekej miere spolieha na stromy — opadan\u00e9 kon\u00e1re, l\u00edstie, \u0161i\u0161ky, semen\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-gardening-techniques"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}