Star\u00e9 pr\u00edslovie hovor\u00ed: “Najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das na zasadenie stromu je pred dvadsiatimi rokmi. Druh\u00fd najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das je teraz.” Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee t\u00e1to m\u00fadros\u0165 plat\u00ed najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade ovocn\u00fdch stromov.\n<\/p>\n
Je pr\u00edli\u0161 jednoduch\u00e9 odklada\u0165 k\u00fapu a v\u00fdsadbu stromov. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drah\u00e9 a v\u017edy je potrebn\u00e9 urobi\u0165 ve\u013ea in\u00e9ho. Pri prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00ed o ovocn\u00fdch stromoch je tie\u017e \u013eahk\u00e9 prekr\u00fati\u0165 logiku: “M\u00f4\u017ee to trva\u0165 sedem rokov, k\u00fdm budem ma\u0165 ovocie, tak pre\u010do sa nam\u00e1ha\u0165? ” Ale h\u00e1dajte \u010do. Ak tie stromy nikdy nevysad\u00edte, budete \u010daka\u0165 ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ie.\n<\/p>\n
Tu s\u00fa moje rady pre v\u00fdber a pestovanie ovocn\u00fdch stromov.\n<\/p>\n
\u010c\u00edm sk\u00f4r ovocn\u00e9 stromy zasad\u00edte, t\u00fdm sk\u00f4r za\u010dn\u00fa rodi\u0165. Ke\u010f\u017ee to bude trva\u0165 minim\u00e1lne dva roky (niektor\u00e9 odrody jab\u013ak) a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165 a viac rokov (\u010dere\u0161ne alebo vi\u0161ne), nikdy nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro za\u010da\u0165. Ak je ovocn\u00fd strom viac, ako v\u00e1\u0161 rozpo\u010det znesie, m\u00f4\u017eete zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1vrh strom\u010deka–alebo dar\u010dekovej pouk\u00e1\u017eky do renomovanej \u0161k\u00f4lky, ktor\u00e1 ich m\u00e1 na sklade–ako n\u00e1pad na dar\u010dek.\n<\/p>\n
Niektor\u00e9 stromy s\u00fa samoopeliv\u00e9 (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina nekt\u00e1riniek, brosk\u00fd\u0148, vi\u0161n\u00ed). In\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa na opelenie in\u00fa odrodu toho ist\u00e9ho ovocia (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jab\u013ak, hru\u0161iek, sliviek). Najlep\u0161ie je vys\u00e1dza\u0165 kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 ope\u013eova\u010de vo vzdialenosti najviac 50 metrov. Ak m\u00e1te \u0161\u0165astie, bl\u00edzky sused vysadil v bl\u00edzkosti dobr\u00e9ho kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho ope\u013eova\u010da. Pri ope\u013eovan\u00ed je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie na\u010dasovanie: uistite sa, \u017ee stromy, ktor\u00e9 zak\u00fapite na kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 ope\u013eovanie, kvitn\u00fa v rovnakom ro\u010dnom obdob\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e pozna\u0165 najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed \u010das na v\u00fdsadbu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161k\u00f4lok dod\u00e1va na z\u00e1klade vhodn\u00e9ho \u010dasu v\u00fdsadby pre va\u0161u oblas\u0165; ak v\u0161ak kupujete na mieste, mus\u00edte sa dozvedie\u0165 v\u0161etko o priazniv\u00fdch podmienkach v\u00fdsadby.\n<\/p>\n
Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si inform\u00e1cie o h\u013abke a \u0161\u00edrke jamky, potrebe zavla\u017eovania a po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na prerez\u00e1vanie. Je toho ve\u013ea, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017eete nau\u010di\u0165. Ak v\u00e1\u0161 strom nie je dodan\u00fd s t\u00fdmito pokynmi, vyh\u013eadajte si ich na internete. Len sa uistite, \u017ee va\u0161e zdroje s\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
Aj ke\u010f by ste si to mo\u017eno \u017eelali, nem\u00f4\u017eete pestova\u0165 v\u0161etky druhy ovocia v ka\u017edom podneb\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad jablk\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa obdobie vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho pokoja. Mr\u00e1z a citrusy sa nehodia. A hoci s\u00fa \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eia presadi\u0165, pestovanie ovocia v nepriaznivom podneb\u00ed je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na u\u010denie a pr\u00e1cu. Ak chcete zisti\u0165, \u010di m\u00f4\u017eete pestova\u0165 svoje ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 ovocie v mieste svojho bydliska, obr\u00e1\u0165te sa na miestnu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku poradensk\u00fa slu\u017ebu.\n<\/p>\n
Mlad\u00e1 k\u00f4ra stromov je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 na po\u0161kodenie, ale pre hladn\u00e9 jelene je l\u00e1kav\u00e1. Bu\u010fte v bezpe\u010d\u00ed a pou\u017eite nejak\u00fd druh obalu alebo ochrany stromu. M\u00f4\u017eete si k\u00fapi\u0165 sie\u0165, r\u00farky alebo papierov\u00fa \u010di vrecovinov\u00fa f\u00f3liu. Alebo m\u00f4\u017eete by\u0165 kreat\u00edvni a vyrobi\u0165 si vlastn\u00fa ochranu stromu. Ke\u010f sme sadili javor, nemohli sme na mieste zohna\u0165 f\u00f3liu na stromy, tak\u017ee sme improvizovali tak, \u017ee sme si k\u00fapili \u010diernu vlnit\u00fa plastov\u00fa odpadov\u00fa r\u00faru, ktor\u00fa sme narezali na vhodn\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku a potom sme ju na jednej strane rozrezali. Dbajte na to, aby ste kme\u0148 stromu neobmedzili pr\u00edli\u0161 tesn\u00fdm obalom.\n<\/p>\n
Ni\u010d nie je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie sklamanie, ako ke\u010f zist\u00edte, \u017ee tesne pred t\u00fdm, ako va\u0161e ovocie \u00faplne dozrelo, sa k nemu nie\u010do dostalo sk\u00f4r ako vy. Ak chcete zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vt\u00e1kom, zakryte ovocn\u00e9 stromy sie\u0165kou. Vonkaj\u0161ie psy pom\u00f4\u017eu udr\u017ea\u0165 m\u00fdvalov, jelene a medvede mimo dosahu, ale existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Udr\u017eujte stromy vo vn\u00fatri riadne oploten\u00e9ho priestoru. (Jelene by malo odradi\u0165 oplotenie alebo dva paraleln\u00e9 rady \u0161tvormetrov\u00e9ho oplotenia s rozstupom \u0161tyri metre). Ak prid\u00e1te rad elektrick\u00e9ho oplotenia na vrchol druh\u00e9ho oplotenia, m\u00fdvaly by sa mali tie\u017e vyh\u00fdba\u0165. Rozhodli sme sa roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 na\u0161u zeleninov\u00fa z\u00e1hradu o ovocn\u00e9 stromy a cel\u00fa sme ju ohradili oploten\u00edm proti jele\u0148om. Zatia\u013e je to dobr\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
Ak\u00fa \u0161\u00edrku maj\u00fa stromy, o ktor\u00fdch uva\u017eujete? Uistite sa, \u017ee m\u00e1te medzi nimi dostatok priestoru. Pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnych met\u00f3d rezu je mo\u017en\u00e9 pestova\u0165 stromy kompaktnej\u0161ie, ne\u017e nazna\u010duj\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 rozostupy; je v\u0161ak nevyhnutn\u00e9 t\u00fato techniku presk\u00fama\u0165. Jedn\u00fdm z dobr\u00fdch zdrojov je kniha Vypestuj si mal\u00fd ovocn\u00fd strom: Jednoduch\u00e9 techniky prerez\u00e1vania pre ovocn\u00e9 stromy na malom priestore, ktor\u00e9 sa \u013eahko zberaj\u00fa.\n<\/p>\n
Mus\u00edte myslie\u0165 aj na to, ako budete zbiera\u0165 ovocie. Naozaj chcete liez\u0165 po v\u00fdsuvnom rebr\u00edku opretom o kon\u00e1re stromov, aby ste mohli zbiera\u0165 ovocie? Alebo orez\u00e1va\u0165 stromy? To m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, najm\u00e4 pre starn\u00facich z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rov. Ak s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii, zv\u00e1\u017ete namiesto v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u0161tandardn\u00fdch stromov trpasli\u010die alebo polotrpasli\u010die, aby ste si zjednodu\u0161ili starostlivos\u0165 a zber.\n<\/p>\n
P\u00f4da pre ovocn\u00e9 stromy by mala ma\u0165 dostatok \u017eiv\u00edn a v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 prida\u0165 doplnky. Vys\u00e1dzajte tam, kde je dobr\u00e1 dren\u00e1\u017e. A vys\u00e1dzajte tam, kde bud\u00fa ma\u0165 stromy zabezpe\u010den\u00fdch minim\u00e1lne p\u00e4\u0165 hod\u00edn slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.\n<\/p>\n
Ak to s v\u00fdsadbou preh\u00e1\u0148ate, nie je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budete dodr\u017eiava\u0165 potrebn\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu. Zv\u00e1\u017ete, ktor\u00e9 ovocie bude va\u0161a rodina naj\u010dastej\u0161ie jes\u0165, ktor\u00e9 je najv\u0161estrannej\u0161ie, ko\u013eko ovocia skuto\u010dne potrebujete. Nie je d\u00f4vod vys\u00e1dza\u0165 cel\u00fd jablo\u0148ov\u00fd sad, ak va\u0161a \u00faroda bude sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 len va\u0161ej rodine. (Na druhej strane nezabudnite, \u017ee jablk\u00e1 sa daj\u00fa su\u0161i\u0165 na neskor\u00fa zimu, konzervova\u0165 ako jablkov\u00fd pretlak alebo n\u00e1pl\u0148 do kol\u00e1\u010dov vo vodnom k\u00fapeli alebo od\u0161\u0165avova\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu jabl\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u0161tu.)\n<\/p>\n
Ovocn\u00e9 stromy t\u00fa\u017eia po pozornosti, niektor\u00e9 viac ako in\u00e9. Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade je nevyhnutn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 prieskum, aby ste zistili, ko\u013eko starostlivosti si konkr\u00e9tne stromy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa. V\u0161etky potrebuj\u00fa mul\u010dovanie, prerez\u00e1vanie, hnojenie a pravideln\u00e9 a \u010dast\u00e9 zalievanie. Mus\u00edte tie\u017e d\u00f4sledne chr\u00e1ni\u0165 stromy pred \u0161kodcami a chorobami. D\u00f4sledn\u00e9 jesenn\u00e9 \u010distenie je nevyhnutn\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
Ak\u00fa odmenu va\u0161a rodina z\u00edska, ak do z\u00e1hrady prid\u00e1te ovocn\u00e9 stromy. Nie je lep\u0161\u00ed \u010das za\u010da\u0165.\n<\/p>\n
Viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o saden\u00ed, prerez\u00e1van\u00ed, zbere \u00farody a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch veciach n\u00e1jdete v \u010dl\u00e1nku z\u00e1hradn\u00edckej guru Barbary Pleasant z Mother Earth News.\n<\/p>\n
Carole Coatesov\u00e1 je z\u00e1hradn\u00ed\u010dka a konzerv\u00e1torka potrav\u00edn, rodinn\u00e1 archiv\u00e1rka, esejistka, poetka, fotografka a modern\u00e1 chovate\u013eka. Carole n\u00e1jdete na str\u00e1nke Living On the Diagonal, kde sa del\u00ed o svoje n\u00e1zory na \u017eivot vr\u00e1tane modern\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1renia, pr\u00edpravy a uchov\u00e1vania potrav\u00edn a cestovania, ako aj o n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a \u00favahy, osobn\u00e9 eseje, po\u00e9ziu a fotografie.\n<\/p>\n
V\u0161etci blogeri z komunity MOTHER EARTH NEWS s\u00fahlasili s dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm na\u0161ich Pravidiel pre blogovanie a s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 svojich pr\u00edspevkov. Ak sa chcete dozvedie\u0165 viac o autorovi tohto pr\u00edspevku, kliknite na jeho odkaz v hornej \u010dasti str\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Star\u00e9 pr\u00edslovie hovor\u00ed: “Najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das na zasadenie stromu je pred dvadsiatimi rokmi. Druh\u00fd najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das je teraz.” Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee t\u00e1to m\u00fadros\u0165 plat\u00ed najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade ovocn\u00fdch stromov. Je pr\u00edli\u0161 jednoduch\u00e9 odklada\u0165 k\u00fapu a v\u00fdsadbu stromov. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drah\u00e9 a v\u017edy je potrebn\u00e9 urobi\u0165 ve\u013ea in\u00e9ho. Pri prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00ed o ovocn\u00fdch stromoch je tie\u017e \u013eahk\u00e9 prekr\u00fati\u0165 logiku: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-fruits"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81227"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81227\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}