Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho seri\u00e1lu o ekologickej kontrole \u0161kodcov, ktor\u00fd obsahuje \u010dl\u00e1nky o pril\u00e1kan\u00ed u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9ho hmyzu, kontrole konkr\u00e9tnych z\u00e1hradn\u00fdch \u0161kodcov a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch pestic\u00eddov. \n<\/p>\n
\u0160parg\u013eov\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky s\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edmi \u0161kodcami \u0161pargle a oslabuj\u00fa rastliny, ke\u010f sa nimi \u017eivia dospel\u00ed jedinci a larvy. Medzi ekologick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy boja proti chrob\u00e1kom \u0161pargle patr\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00fd zber, zber a kompostovanie star\u00e9ho l\u00edstia a plodov \u0161pargle. Chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z Eur\u00f3py a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa vyskytuj\u00fa v celej Severnej Amerike, kdeko\u013evek sa \u0161parg\u013ea pestuje.\n<\/p>\n
Chrob\u00e1k \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fd (Crioceris asparagi) je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed \u0161kodca \u0161pargle, ktor\u00fd po\u0161kodzuje mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky \u0161pargle. Tento \u0161t\u00edhly, podlhovast\u00fd chrob\u00e1k, ktor\u00fd prezimuje ako dospel\u00fd jedinec, m\u00e1 na kr\u00eddlach \u0161tyri biele alebo \u017eltkast\u00e9 \u0161kvrny, spodok a okraje kr\u00eddel s\u00fa \u010dervenkast\u00e9 a trup m\u00e1 tmavo\u010derven\u00fd. Je to 1\n<\/p>\n
Chrob\u00e1k \u0161parg\u013ea \u0161kvrnit\u00e1 (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) je tie\u017e dos\u0165 farebn\u00fd. Na z\u00e1pade Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov je chrob\u00e1k \u0161parg\u013ea \u0161kvrnit\u00e1 \u017eiarivo tekvicovo oran\u017eov\u00e1 s drobn\u00fdmi \u010diernymi bodkami na kr\u00eddlach. V in\u00fdch oblastiach m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 farba pozadia chrob\u00e1kov \u0161pargle \u0161kvrnitej \u010derven\u00e1 a\u017e tmavo\u010derven\u00e1. Tykadl\u00e1 oboch \u0161kodcov \u0161pargle meraj\u00fa pribli\u017ene polovicu d\u013a\u017eky tela.\n<\/p>\n
Za\u010diatkom jari, pr\u00e1ve ke\u010f sa \u0161parg\u013eov\u00e9 hroty dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa na povrch, sa objavuj\u00fa dospel\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle, ktor\u00e9 prezimovali v rastlinn\u00fdch zvy\u0161koch. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa \u017eivi\u0165 na prv\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkoch, ktor\u00e9 sa krivia ako pastiersky chvost. Kr\u00e1tko po sp\u00e1ren\u00ed sami\u010dky klad\u00fa na mal\u00e9 v\u00fdbe\u017eky a nov\u00e9 listy drobn\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 podlhovast\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, ktor\u00e9 tr\u010dia v pravom uhle. Dospel\u00e9 jedince sa \u017eivia na hlavn\u00fdch kopij\u00e1ch, zatia\u013e \u010do sivozelen\u00e9 larvy s m\u00e4kk\u00fdm telom sa \u017eivia na kopij\u00e1ch a listoch. Z\u00e1rezy sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u017eerom maj\u00fa hned\u00fa farbu a zni\u017euj\u00fa vitalitu a ve\u013ekos\u0165 napadnut\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov. Siln\u00e9 \u017eeravenie zni\u017euje vitalitu rastl\u00edn \u0161pargle.\n<\/p>\n
Dospel\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle sa objavuj\u00fa o jeden a\u017e tri t\u00fd\u017edne nesk\u00f4r ako chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle oby\u010dajnej. Neskoro na jar sa t\u00edto \u0161kodcovia \u0161pargle m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytova\u0165 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch rastlin\u00e1ch \u0161pargle, ale zvy\u010dajne sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa len mal\u00e9 \u0161kody. Cyklus kladenia vaj\u00ed\u010dok sa \u010dasovo zhoduje s tvorbou bob\u00fa\u013e \u0161pargle. Dospel\u00ed jedinci klad\u00fa vaj\u00ed\u010dka na bobule alebo do ich bl\u00edzkosti, larvy sa v nich \u017eivia a potom padaj\u00fa na zem, aby sa zakuklili do dospel\u00fdch jedincov. Larvy sa \u017eivia len v bobuliach. Larvy \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov s\u00fa \u017eltkast\u00e9 s \u010diernou hlavou a nohami.\n<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1tko po objaven\u00ed sa na jar chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle klad\u00fa vaj\u00ed\u010dka na vyrastaj\u00face o\u0161tepy, ktor\u00e9 sa vyliahnu za tri a\u017e osem dn\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 sivast\u00e9 larvy s m\u00e4kk\u00fdm telom sa na jar \u017eivia jemn\u00fdm nov\u00fdm rastom. Nesk\u00f4r v lete mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 vaj\u00ed\u010dka a larvy, ktor\u00e9 sa \u017eivia na listoch \u0161pargle. Ke\u010f larvy po pribli\u017ene dvoch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och \u017erania dospej\u00fa, klesn\u00fa na zem a kuklia sa v hlinenej bunke sedem a\u017e desa\u0165 dn\u00ed, k\u00fdm sa z nej vyliahnu ako dospel\u00e9 jedince. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine klimatick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne vyskytuj\u00fa dve gener\u00e1cie, ale v tepl\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch oblastiach m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 a\u017e p\u00e4\u0165 gener\u00e1ci\u00ed tohto \u0161kodcu \u0161pargle.\n<\/p>\n
Chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle sa objavuj\u00fa uprostred jari a okam\u017eite za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa \u017era\u0165 listy \u0161pargle, ale s kladen\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dok \u010dakaj\u00fa, k\u00fdm sa na rastlin\u00e1ch \u0161pargle vytvoria bobule. Po vyliahnut\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dok sa larvy zav\u0155taj\u00fa do bob\u00fa\u013e a \u017eivia sa nimi.\n<\/p>\n
Vt\u00e1ky \u010dasto konzumuj\u00fa \u0161parg\u013eov\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky a larvy, ktor\u00e9 sa objavuj\u00fa v obdob\u00ed hniezdenia, ke\u010f vt\u00e1ky potrebuj\u00fa viac bielkov\u00edn. Chrob\u00e1ky po\u017eieraj\u00fa mlad\u00e9 larvy, ale naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edm pred\u00e1torom je mal\u00e1 \u010dierna vo\u0161ka Eulophid ( Tetrastichus asparagi ), ktor\u00e1 po\u017eiera vaj\u00ed\u010dka \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov na za\u010diatku sez\u00f3ny a v lete kladie vaj\u00ed\u010dka do vaj\u00ed\u010dok \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov. Tento u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd hmyz, ktor\u00fd je tak pomocn\u00fd pri kontrole \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov, bol identifikovan\u00fd v roku 1915 v Massachusetts a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa vyskytuje v\u0161ade, kde sa pestuje \u0161parg\u013ea. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa komer\u010dne nepon\u00faka na predaj.\n<\/p>\n
Pri boji s chrob\u00e1kom \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 met\u00f3dy ekologickej kontroly celkom \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch postupov je na jese\u0148 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 rastlinn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky z pol\u00ed\u010dka a kompostova\u0165 ich v akt\u00edvnom komposte. Larvy a dospel\u00e9 jedince mo\u017eno odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ru\u010dne. Pri ru\u010dnom zbere polo\u017ete na zem vedro s vodou a mnoh\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky do\u0148 po zhoden\u00ed z rastl\u00edn spadn\u00fa. Prospe\u0161n\u00e9 osy parazituj\u00fa na vaj\u00ed\u010dkach chrob\u00e1kov. Chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle dobre zbieraj\u00fa aj sliepky, ke\u010f ich koncom leta pustia na z\u00e1hon. V \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eete dosiahnu\u0165 dobr\u00fa organick\u00fa kontrolu chrob\u00e1kov \u0161pargle postrekom rastl\u00edn s neemom na za\u010diatku sez\u00f3ny, ke\u010f je ich popul\u00e1cia skromn\u00e1. Nepou\u017e\u00edvajte neem ani \u017eiadny in\u00fd pestic\u00edd, ak s\u00fa na z\u00e1hone \u0161pargle pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 \u010dierne osy.\n<\/p>\n
Chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle bud\u00fa odraden\u00e9, ak sa na v\u00fdsadbu \u0161pargle pou\u017eij\u00fa len sam\u010die kultivary, ktor\u00e9 netvoria bobule. Ak va\u0161e rastliny vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bobule, pozbierajte a skompostujte v\u0161etky bobule \u0161pargle, ak sa na nich vyskytli \u0161kvrnit\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle. Toto je najlep\u0161ia ekologick\u00e1 ochrana proti chrob\u00e1kom \u0161pargle.\n<\/p>\n
Zn\u00ed\u017ete popul\u00e1cie prezimuj\u00facich dospel\u00fdch jedincov oboch \u0161kodcov \u0161pargle t\u00fdm, \u017ee budete udr\u017eiava\u0165 okolit\u00fa plochu mierne obr\u00e1ban\u00fa a odstra\u0148ova\u0165 zvy\u0161ky rastl\u00edn. To n\u00fati chrob\u00e1ky \u0161pargle prezimova\u0165 v p\u00f4de, kde ich podpovrchov\u00ed pred\u00e1tori zo\u017eer\u00fa.\n<\/p>\n
Na za\u010diatku jari ostr\u00fdm no\u017eom okam\u017eite odre\u017ete o\u0161tepy na \u00farovni zeme. Pozorn\u00fd zber zabr\u00e1ni vyliahnutiu mnoh\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dok \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov.\n<\/p>\n
Oba druhy \u0161parg\u013eov\u00fdch chrob\u00e1kov sa daj\u00fa \u013eahko vybra\u0165 ru\u010dne. Chrob\u00e1k m\u00e1 in\u0161tinkt padn\u00fa\u0165 na zem, ke\u010f sa c\u00edti vyru\u0161en\u00fd, preto pod rastlinou podr\u017ete n\u00e1dobu s vodou a potom \u0148ou jemne zatraste a chrob\u00e1ky spadn\u00fa do vody. Dobre funguje aj plech, noviny alebo \u0161katu\u013ea od pizze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho seri\u00e1lu o ekologickej kontrole \u0161kodcov, ktor\u00fd obsahuje \u010dl\u00e1nky o pril\u00e1kan\u00ed u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9ho hmyzu, kontrole konkr\u00e9tnych z\u00e1hradn\u00fdch \u0161kodcov a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch pestic\u00eddov. \u0160parg\u013eov\u00e9 chrob\u00e1ky s\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edmi \u0161kodcami \u0161pargle a oslabuj\u00fa rastliny, ke\u010f sa nimi \u017eivia dospel\u00ed jedinci a larvy. Medzi ekologick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy boja proti chrob\u00e1kom \u0161pargle patr\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00fd zber, zber a kompostovanie star\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-pest-control"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80785\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}