{"id":81538,"date":"2023-03-07T11:16:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/ro-cultivarea-ciupercilor-la-domiciliu-metoda-pf-tek\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:16:21","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:16:21","slug":"ro-cultivarea-ciupercilor-la-domiciliu-metoda-pf-tek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/2023\/03\/07\/ro-cultivarea-ciupercilor-la-domiciliu-metoda-pf-tek\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultivarea ciupercilor la domiciliu: Metoda PF Tek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Essential Guide to Cultivating Mushrooms (Storey Publishing, 2014), de Stephen Russell, este un ghid cuprinz\u0103tor pentru a cultiva ciuperci acas\u0103, produc\u00e2nd shiitakes, stridii, lion&#8217;s manes, maitakes \u0219i portabellas pentru buc\u0103t\u0103ria ta sau pentru o mic\u0103 afacere. \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti trusele de ciuperci, s\u0103 men\u021bii proceduri sterile \u0219i un mediu controlat, s\u0103 creezi icre din cereale sau rumegu\u0219 \u0219i s\u0103 folose\u0219ti culturi lichide \u0219i camere de fructificare pentru a produce ciuperci \u00een mod constant. Urm\u0103torul fragment este din capitolul 4, &#8220;Prima ta cultur\u0103.&#8221; Pute\u021bi achizi\u021biona aceast\u0103 carte din magazinul MOTHER EARTH NEWS: Ghidul esen\u021bial de cultivare a ciupercilor.\n<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 cultiva\u021bi propriile ciuperci f\u0103r\u0103 a folosi un kit prefabricat, acesta este locul de unde trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi. Ne vom concentra pe o metod\u0103 de baz\u0103, de departe cea mai simpl\u0103 \u0219i mai eficient\u0103 pentru amatorii care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 cultive ciuperci. Inventat\u0103 ini\u021bial de cultivatorii de psilocybe, metoda PF Tek func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine pentru ciupercile Shiitake \u0219i Oyster, dou\u0103 specii care sunt alegeri bune pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Metoda PF Tek<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 metod\u0103, publicat\u0103 ini\u021bial \u00een 1995 de o persoan\u0103 care a folosit pseudonimul Psilocybe Fanaticus (PF), const\u0103 \u00een fierberea la aburi a vermiculitei \u0219i a f\u0103inii de orez brun \u00een borcane mici, de jum\u0103tate de litru, pentru conserve. Odat\u0103 r\u0103cit, preparatul este injectat cu o sering\u0103 cu spori sau cu o cultur\u0103 lichid\u0103. Cultivatorii se aleg \u00een cele din urm\u0103 cu &#8220;pr\u0103jituri&#8221; de miceliu colonizate care sunt fructificate \u00eentr-un mic terariu. PF a fost arestat \u00een 2005 \u0219i urm\u0103rit penal de Drug Enforcement Agency pentru cultivarea ilegal\u0103 de soiuri halucinogene, dar el tr\u0103ie\u0219te prin mo\u0219tenirea sa &#8212; aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 simpl\u0103 de cultivare a ciupercilor la domiciliu.\n<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva motive cheie pentru care aceasta este o metod\u0103 bun\u0103 pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, folose\u0219te materiale care sunt disponibile peste tot. Vermiculita este disponibil\u0103 la majoritatea centrelor de gr\u0103din\u0103rit; f\u0103ina de orez brun este disponibil\u0103 la magazinele de produse naturiste \u0219i la multe magazine alimentare. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, este posibil s\u0103 steriliza\u021bi acest substrat prin simpla fierbere a borcanelor la abur \u00eentr-o oal\u0103 pe aragaz. Cele mai multe dintre celelalte metode descrise \u00een aceast\u0103 carte necesit\u0103 o oal\u0103 sub presiune costisitoare. \u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 folose\u0219te ca punct de plecare seringile de cultur\u0103 de spori sau de lichid, disponibile \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit online. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 necesit\u0103 doar o camer\u0103 de fructificare de m\u0103rimea unui mic recipient de plastic. Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi \u00eencep\u0103tor, v\u0103 \u00eencurajez s\u0103 nu preg\u0103ti\u021bi mai mult de 24 de borcane PF p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu a\u021bi fructificat cu succes cel pu\u021bin o serie mai mic\u0103 de borcane. \u00cencercarea de a produce \u00een exces \u00eenainte de a \u00een\u021belege toate metodele nu face dec\u00e2t s\u0103 v\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219ansele de e\u0219ec. \u00cencepe\u021bi cu ceva mic \u0219i u\u0219or de gestionat \u0219i ve\u021bi fi r\u0103spl\u0103ti\u021bi.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/533140815553984.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2>Utilizarea metodei PF Tek<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<h3>Materiale<br \/>\n<\/h3>\n<p>- Borcane de conserve cu gura larg\u0103 de jum\u0103tate de halb\u0103 - Vermiculit\u0103 (sau rumegu\u0219, pentru speciile iubitoare de lemn) - F\u0103in\u0103 de orez brun - Ap\u0103 - Cupe de m\u0103surat - Boluri de amestecat - Prosoape de h\u00e2rtie - Alcool & tampoane sau bile de bumbac - 1\n<\/p>\n<h3>PF Tek Fruiting Formula<br \/>\n<\/h3>\n<p>(pe borcan) - 1\n<\/p>\n<h3>Timp necesar<br \/>\n<\/h3>\n<p>Preg\u0103tire: 30 minute-1 or\u0103 Sterilizare: 1-1\n<\/p>\n<h2>Preg\u0103tirea substratului pentru 1 duzin\u0103 de borcane<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>1. Preg\u0103ti\u021bi borcanele. Face\u021bi patru g\u0103uri prin fiecare capac, folosind un ciocan de 1\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/6347294321617826.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>2. Se amestec\u0103 substratul. \u00centr-un castron mare de amestecare, combina\u021bi 6 c\u0103ni (96 g) de vermiculit\u0103 sau rumegu\u0219 \u0219i 3 c\u0103ni (0,75 l) de ap\u0103. Amesteca\u021bi bine. Ad\u0103uga\u021bi 3 c\u0103ni (500-600 g) de f\u0103in\u0103 de orez brun la amestecul de vermiculit\u0103 \u0219i amesteca\u021bi bine. Acum ar trebui s\u0103 ave\u021bi suficient substrat pentru a umple aproximativ 12 borcane.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/5136674921255107.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/5047396048403314.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>3. Umple\u021bi borcanele. Umple\u021bi fiecare borcan cu amestecul de vermiculit\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul celei mai joase benzi inelare. Nu \u00eel \u00eempacheta\u021bi \u00een jos. \u0218terge\u021bi capacele borcanelor cu un prosop de h\u00e2rtie. Umple\u021bi fiecare borcan p\u00e2n\u0103 sus cu un strat de vermiculit\u0103 uscat\u0103. Acesta serve\u0219te ca o barier\u0103 de contaminare.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/1911130941096292.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>4. A\u0219eza\u021bi capacele. A\u0219eza\u021bi capacul \u0219i \u00een\u0219uruba\u021bi banda inelar\u0103. Acoperi\u021bi g\u0103urile cu band\u0103 adeziv\u0103. \u00cendoi\u021bi banda pentru a face o mic\u0103 fil\u0103 &#8212; acest lucru o face u\u0219or de scos dup\u0103 ce este sterilizat\u0103.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/9903793677242507.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>5. Steriliza\u021bi borcanele. Acoperi\u021bi fiecare borcan cu folie de aluminiu. De obicei, eu fac p\u0103trate de folie de 20 cm \u00d7 20 cm (8 \u00d7 8 inch), apoi le presez. Pentru a g\u0103ti borcanele la aburi, pune\u021bi 5 cm (2 inch) de ap\u0103 \u00eentr-o oal\u0103 mare. Ad\u0103uga\u021bi un suport mic sau o alt\u0103 suprafa\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 \u00een interiorul oalei pentru a \u021bine borcanele \u00een afara apei \u0219i a\u0219eza\u021bi borcanele pe suport. Pune\u021bi capacul \u0219i pune\u021bi borcanele la aburi timp de 60-90 de minute. Dac\u0103 folosi\u021bi o oal\u0103 sub presiune, l\u0103sa\u021bi borcanele \u00een\u0103untru timp de 45 de minute la 15 lire pe centimetru p\u0103trat (psi). L\u0103sa\u021bi borcanele s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103 \u00een oal\u0103. Nu-l deschide\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu sunte\u021bi gata s\u0103 le inocula\u021bi. L\u0103sa\u021bi borcanele s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103 complet la temperatura camerei \u00eenainte de inoculare.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/1663264546102033.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/5514929905507408.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>6. Inocula\u021bi substratul. Deplasa\u021bi borcanele \u00een cutia de m\u0103nu\u0219i sau \u00een fa\u021ba hotei. \u00cendep\u0103rta\u021bi folia de pe borcane. Pune\u021bi seringile, solu\u021bia de \u00een\u0103lbitor, prosoapele de h\u00e2rtie, tampoanele cu alcool \u0219i bricheta \u00een cutia de m\u0103nu\u0219i. Pulveriza\u021bi o bucat\u0103 de prosop de h\u00e2rtie cu solu\u021bie de \u00een\u0103lbitor \u0219i folosi\u021bi-o pentru a \u0219terge p\u0103r\u021bile laterale \u0219i fundul cutiei, seringile \u0219i orice alte instrumente. Agita\u021bi seringa pentru a distribui sporii sau cultura \u00een mod uniform \u00een lichid. \u00cendep\u0103rta\u021bi capacul de plastic al acului \u0219i steriliza\u021bi acul cu flac\u0103r\u0103. Dac\u0103 seringa ajunge dezasamblat\u0103, este posibil s\u0103 trebuiasc\u0103 s\u0103 ata\u0219a\u021bi acul \u00eenainte de a-l steriliza. Steriliza\u021bi \u021bin\u00e2nd o flac\u0103r\u0103 pe ac p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd vede\u021bi c\u0103 acesta este ro\u0219u aprins. L\u0103sa\u021bi acul s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103 sau r\u0103ci\u021bi-l rapid \u0219terg\u00e2ndu-l cu un tampon cu alcool. Trage\u021bi \u00eenapoi banda \u0219i injecta\u021bi aproximativ 1\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/9051447258520409.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>7. Se incubeaz\u0103. A\u0219eza\u021bi borcanele inoculate \u00eentr-un loc cald, uscat \u0219i \u00eentunecat pentru colonizare, sau face\u021bi un incubator pentru acest proces. Pentru majoritatea speciilor, ve\u021bi dori ca temperatura zonei de incuba\u021bie s\u0103 fie \u00een intervalul 75-85 grade F (24-29 grade C). L\u0103sa\u021bi borcanele s\u0103 stea \u0219i s\u0103 incubeze timp de 2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Ar trebui s\u0103 vede\u021bi cre\u0219terea ini\u021bial\u0103 \u00een borcane \u00een 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 zile, de\u0219i poate dura p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7 zile sau mai mult. Colonizarea complet\u0103 a borcanelor va dura, de obicei, \u00eentre 2 \u0219i 3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Dac\u0103 vede\u021bi o cre\u0219tere \u00een oricare dintre borcane care are alt\u0103 culoare dec\u00e2t alb, scoate\u021bi acele borcane \u0219i arunca\u021bi-le imediat. Culorile comune sunt verde, roz sau negru. Nu deschide\u021bi niciodat\u0103 borcanele contaminate \u00een interior.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/4930015130917652.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>8. Dunking. Odat\u0103 ce borcanele sunt complet colonizate \u0219i preg\u0103tite pentru a fi plasate \u00een camera de fructificare, trebuie s\u0103 le scufunda\u021bi \u00een ap\u0103 timp de 24 de ore \u00eenainte de a continua. Scufundarea ofer\u0103 borcanelor o explozie de umiditate suplimentar\u0103 \u00eenainte de \u00eenceperea procesului de fructificare \u0219i duce la randamente mai bune. Lucr\u00e2nd deasupra unei chiuvete, pur \u0219i simplu de\u0219uruba\u021bi capacul fiec\u0103rui borcan, umple\u021bi borcanul cu ap\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u0219uruba\u021bi din nou capacul. Tortul colonizat va pluti probabil, a\u0219a c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd pune\u021bi capacul la loc, s-ar putea s\u0103 fie nevoie s\u0103 \u00eel for\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 coboare \u00eenapoi \u00een ap\u0103, ceea ce va face ca o parte din ap\u0103 s\u0103 se reverse. P\u0103stra\u021bi borcanele \u00een frigider pentru aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 de scufundare de 24 de ore.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/927011004046997.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>9. Fructificare. Se introduc borcanele \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 de fructificare. Pute\u021bi lua \u00een considerare posibilitatea de a v\u0103 \u00eenveli cu dou\u0103 cahle pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi reten\u021bia apei pentru procesul de fructificare.\n<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/auto_content\/local_image\/4884575108562381.webp\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Extras din The Essential Guide to Cultivating Mushrooms &copy; Stephen Russell, fotografii de &copy; Stacy Newgent folosite cu permisiunea Storey Publishing. Cump\u0103ra\u021bi aceast\u0103 carte din magazinul nostru: Ghidul esen\u021bial de cultivare a ciupercilor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Essential Guide to Cultivating Mushrooms (Storey Publishing, 2014), de Stephen Russell, este un ghid cuprinz\u0103tor pentru a cultiva ciuperci acas\u0103, produc\u00e2nd shiitakes, stridii, lion&#8217;s manes, maitakes \u0219i portabellas pentru buc\u0103t\u0103ria ta sau pentru o mic\u0103 afacere. \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 cum s\u0103 folose\u0219ti trusele de ciuperci, s\u0103 men\u021bii proceduri sterile \u0219i un mediu controlat, s\u0103 creezi icre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-vegetables"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81538\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}