“Iedom\u0101jieties, ” \u0161efpav\u0101re, pav\u0101rgr\u0101matu autore un viet\u0113j\u0101s p\u0101rtikas akt\u012bviste Debora Madisone nesen pr\u0101toja, “ja m\u016bsu vald\u012bba l\u016bgtu m\u016bs rea\u0123\u0113t uz glob\u0101l\u0101s sasil\u0161anas, naftas samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un sliktas vesel\u012bbas kr\u012bzi …, st\u0101dot d\u0101rze\u0146u d\u0101rzus.”;\n<\/p>\n
Tie, kas Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 dz\u012bvoja ASV un Lielbrit\u0101nij\u0101 un pieredz\u0113ja p\u0101rtikas pat\u0113ri\u0146a ierobe\u017eojumus 40. gados, var ne tikai izt\u0113loties, bet ar\u012b atcer\u0113ties. Piedaloties kara centienos, ikviens civiliedz\u012bvot\u0101js tika aicin\u0101ts p\u0101rv\u0113rst savu zemi un z\u0101lienu, burtiski, lai audz\u0113tu p\u0101rtiku sev un karasp\u0113kam. Miljoniem pagalmu, br\u012bvo laukumu un p\u0101rveidoto z\u0101lienu un pu\u0137u dobju pie kopienas centriem, skolu rota\u013cu laukumiem un dievnamiem sauca par uzvaras d\u0101rziem, un daudzus gadus tie bija galvenais aug\u013cu, d\u0101rze\u0146u, riekstu un p\u0101k\u0161augu avots, kurus kara laik\u0101 bija gr\u016bti sara\u017eot, jo bija samazin\u0101jies darbasp\u0113ka skaits un benz\u012bna racionaliz\u0101cija.\n<\/p>\n
Kaimi\u0146i dal\u012bj\u0101s un apmain\u012bj\u0101s ar produktiem ar kaimi\u0146iem, vasaras veltes tika konserv\u0113tas vai noglab\u0101tas ziemai, un daudzi amerik\u0101\u0146i s\u0101ka \u0113st viet\u0113jos produktus t\u0101, k\u0101 to nebija pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i kop\u0161 vi\u0146u sen\u010du iece\u013co\u0161anas \u0161aj\u0101 valst\u012b.\n<\/p>\n
Ja ideja par viet\u0113j\u0101s p\u0101rtikas lieto\u0161anu uztur\u0101 un ar to saist\u012bt\u0101s t\u0113mas (ba\u017eas par p\u0101rtikas pieejam\u012bbu, cenu pieejam\u012bbu un augstaj\u0101m vides un naudas izmaks\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar p\u0101rtikas transport\u0113\u0161anu lielos att\u0101lumos) jums \u0161\u0137iet paz\u012bstamas, tas, iesp\u0113jams, ir t\u0101p\u0113c, ka \u0161ie jaut\u0101jumi p\u0113d\u0113jos gados ir biju\u0161i aktu\u0101li zi\u0146\u0101s. Daudziem MOTHER EARTH NEWS las\u012bt\u0101jiem un aizvien pieaugo\u0161ajam autoru, p\u0101rtikas akt\u012bvistu un d\u0101rzu ekspertu lokam rudens ir laiks, kad atkal j\u0101s\u0101k apgriezt z\u0101lieni, mekl\u0113jot ekonomisko, vides un fizisko vesel\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n
Sabiedr\u012bbas akt\u012bviste un autore Heather Flores un vi\u0146as gr\u0101mata \"P\u0101rtika, nevis z\u0101lieni: k\u0101 p\u0101rv\u0113rst savu pagalmu par d\u0101rzu un apkaimi par kopienu\" (Food Not Lawns: How To Turn Your Yard Into a Garden and Your Neighbourhood Into a Community) bija radik\u0101ls aicin\u0101jums Amerikas pils\u0113tniekiem p\u0101rv\u0113rst savus koptos z\u0101lienus un pagalmus par d\u0101rziem, kas ra\u017eo p\u0101rtiku, lai labumu g\u016btu ne tikai pa\u0161i iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji, bet ar\u012b visa kopiena kopum\u0101. Ja gr\u0101matas izn\u0101k\u0161anas laik\u0101 \u0161\u012b ideja \u0161\u0137ita mazliet revolucion\u0101ra, tad tagad \u0161\u0137iet, ka t\u0101 amerik\u0101\u0146os izrais\u012bjusi t\u0101du rezonansi, k\u0101da nebija pieredz\u0113ta kop\u0161 Otr\u0101 pasaules kara.\n<\/p>\n
Descanso Gardens, 150 hekt\u0101ru liels publiskais d\u0101rzs, kas atrodas tikai 20 min\u016b\u0161u brauciena att\u0101lum\u0101 no Losand\u017eelosas centra, jau vair\u0101k nek\u0101 \u010detrus gadu desmitus ir bijis ofici\u0101lu bot\u0101nisko ekspoz\u012bciju paraugdemonstr\u0113jums. 2008. gad\u0101, iedvesmojoties no viet\u0113j\u0101 arhitekta Frica Hega (Fritz Haeg) semin\u0101ra uz vietas, tika veiktas b\u016btiskas p\u0101rmai\u0146as Descanso centr\u0101laj\u0101 apl\u012b, kas ir pirm\u0101 ekspoz\u012bcijas zona, ko apmekl\u0113t\u0101ji ierauga, ieejot d\u0101rz\u0101. Tas tika izjaukts un t\u0101 viet\u0101 izveidots blakus eso\u0161s sal\u012bdzino\u0161s d\u0101rzs ar koptu z\u0101lienu, kas robe\u017eojas ar \u0113damo d\u0101rzu.\n<\/p>\n
Lai gan Haegs ir ieguvis arhitekta izgl\u012bt\u012bbu, p\u0113d\u0113jos da\u017eus gadus vi\u0146\u0161 bija pavad\u012bjis k\u0101 izst\u0101\u017eu m\u0101kslinieks. K\u0101d\u0101 konkr\u0113t\u0101 izst\u0101d\u0113 Kanzas\u0101 vi\u0146am rad\u0101s ideja izveidot \"\u0113damu \u012bpa\u0161umu\" jeb \"uzvaras d\u0101rzam l\u012bdz\u012bgu \u0113damu priek\u0161pagalmu\". Paties\u012bb\u0101 2005. gada izst\u0101de bija tik popul\u0101ra, ka \u0161\u012b instal\u0101cija rad\u012bja l\u012bdz\u012bgus projektus Dienvidkalifornij\u0101, \u0145\u016bd\u017eersij\u0101, Ostin\u0101, Teksas\u0101, Baltimor\u0101 un London\u0101. Pan\u0101kumi katr\u0101 projekta viet\u0101 mudin\u0101ja H\u0101egu aprakst\u012bt \u0161o pieredzi gr\u0101mat\u0101 Edible Estates: T\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 Haegs dev\u0101s gr\u0101matu turnej\u0101, kuras laik\u0101 apmekl\u0113ja ar\u012b Descanso Gardens.\n<\/p>\n
Braienu Salivanu (Brian Sullivan), Descanso Gardens vec\u0101ko d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas speci\u0101listu, kas atbild par jaunu ekspoz\u012bciju pl\u0101no\u0161anu, iedvesmoja H\u0101ga argumenti par \u0113damu ainavu veido\u0161anu. S\u016blvans saka, ka l\u0113mums \u012bstenot vi\u0146a idejas bija viegls. “Laik\u0101, kad cilv\u0113ki uztraucas par p\u0101rtikas cen\u0101m, p\u0101rtikas, ko vi\u0146i \u0113d, dro\u0161\u012bbu, ietekmi, ko rada p\u0101rtikas imports no lieliem att\u0101lumiem, un degvielas izmaks\u0101m, k\u0101p\u0113c gan mums nepied\u0101v\u0101t izst\u0101di, kas \u013cauj apmekl\u0113t\u0101jiem pa\u0161iem p\u0101rliecin\u0101ties, k\u0101das ir iesp\u0113jas uzlabot savu dz\u012bvi un dz\u012bvesveidu?\n<\/p>\n
T\u0101 rad\u0101s Edible Estates Demonstration Garden. Nelielam m\u0101jas skeletam, kas simboliz\u0113 amerik\u0101\u0146u m\u0101ju, blakus ir gan parasts z\u0101liens, gan \u0113dams z\u0101liens jeb d\u0101rze\u0146u d\u0101rzs. Abus z\u0101lienus uzrauga Descanso d\u0101rzkopju komanda un viet\u0113jo skolu skol\u0113ni, kuri m\u0113ra, cik daudz \u016bdens, m\u0113slojuma, darba un degvielas nepiecie\u0161ams katram z\u0101lienam. Vi\u0146i m\u0113ra ar\u012b rezult\u0101tus: iev\u0101kto p\u0101rtiku, za\u013cos atkritumus un biolo\u0123isko daudzveid\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n
Dienvidkalifornijas dienvidu da\u013c\u0101, kad pavasara vid\u016b jau bija silts, demonstr\u0113jumu d\u0101rz\u0101 bija s\u0101kusies agr\u012bno lapu za\u013cumu, pupi\u0146u, zeme\u0146u, gar\u0161augu un \u0113damo ziedu audz\u0113\u0161ana. Da\u017eiem p\u0101rziemoju\u0161iem augiem \u013c\u0101va izaugt s\u0113kl\u0101m, lai skol\u0113ni no tiem var\u0113tu m\u0101c\u012bties un lai Haegs tos uzskat\u012btu par skaistiem.\n<\/p>\n
“Daudzi no d\u0101rza apmekl\u0113t\u0101jiem ierodas, gaidot nevainojamu, neticami koptu bot\u0101nisko d\u0101rzu un pla\u0161us, atkl\u0101tus z\u0101lienus, ko parasti var atrast t\u0101d\u0101s pils\u0113tvides publisk\u0101s viet\u0101s k\u0101 Descanso Gardens, ” saka Haegs. “Tad vi\u0146i ieiet un atrod m\u016bsu \u0113damo d\u0101rzu un iepaz\u012bstas ar cita veida skaistumu. D\u0101rz\u0101 ir kr\u0101su, formu un fakt\u016bru daudzveid\u012bba, kas ir tikpat satrieco\u0161a — da\u017ek\u0101rt pat v\u0113l satrieco\u0161\u0101ka — nek\u0101 tas, ko parasti redz priek\u0161pagalmos. Turkl\u0101t tas ir \u0113dams! M\u0113s aicin\u0101m cilv\u0113kus no jauna defin\u0113t sav\u0101 apzi\u0146\u0101 un sabiedr\u012bb\u0101, kas ir ‘skaistums’.”;\n<\/p>\n
Viena no nenoliedzamaj\u0101m demonstr\u0113jumu d\u0101rza skaistuma \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m ir smar\u017ea. Zied da\u017e\u0101di aug\u013cu koki, tostarp persimons, gran\u0101t\u0101bols, \u0101bele, kumkvats, nektar\u012bns un pla\u0161s citrusaug\u013cu kl\u0101sts, un to ziedu smar\u017ea pavasara gais\u0101 ir j\u016btama \u013coti t\u0101lu. Ap ziedo\u0161ajiem kokiem un melle\u0146u kr\u016bmiem nemit\u012bgi dungo bites. Tauri\u0146i un putni lido iek\u0161\u0101 un \u0101r\u0101 no d\u0101rza teritorijas, \u0161\u0137ietami ne\u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 cilv\u0113kus, kas kl\u012bst pa taku.\n<\/p>\n
K\u0101ds aizr\u0101d\u012bja, ka st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai sagatavoto st\u0101du skaits \u0161\u0137iet piem\u0113rot\u0101ks divreiz liel\u0101kam paraugd\u0101rzam, bet S\u016blvans tikai pasmaid\u012bja. “Cilv\u0113ki ir p\u0101rsteigti par to, cik daudz \u0113damo augu tiek izaudz\u0113ts \u0161aj\u0101 viet\u0101''. \u0160\u012b d\u0101rza produkcija var\u0113tu viegli aizpild\u012bt vai gandr\u012bz aizpild\u012bt \u0123imenes vajadz\u012bbas p\u0113c produktiem, turkl\u0101t t\u0101 ir tikai neliela da\u013ca no liel\u0101k\u0101s da\u013cas m\u0101jas \u012bpa\u0161nieku z\u0101liena plat\u012bbu. M\u0113s mudin\u0101m b\u0113rnus, kas str\u0101d\u0101 d\u0101rz\u0101, un apmekl\u0113t\u0101jus nogar\u0161ot k\u0101du pupi\u0146u, zemeni vai rozmar\u012bna zari\u0146u, un vi\u0146i pat nesamierin\u0101s ar to, kas tiek izaudz\u0113ts.” Paties\u012bb\u0101, saka S\u016blvans, tas, ko nenogr\u0101bj un nesakoba skol\u0113ni, kas piedal\u0101s p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101, un nejau\u0161i apmekl\u0113t\u0101ji, tiek nov\u0101kts un ziedots viet\u0113jai p\u0101rtikas bankai.”.\n<\/p>\n
Lai gan Descanso Gardens ir lielisks \u0113dam\u0101 d\u0101rza projekta piem\u0113rs — ar finan\u0161u un vides atdeves no ieguld\u012bjumiem statistiku, t\u0101 neb\u016bt nav vien\u012bg\u0101. Vis\u0101 valst\u012b ir izveidoti simtiem \u0113damu ainavu un priek\u0161laukumu uzvaras d\u0101rzu.\n<\/p>\n
Da\u017ei no tiem, piem\u0113ram, Haeg projekti Leikvud\u0101, Kalifornij\u0101 (Losand\u017eelosas priek\u0161pils\u0113ta), un Ostin\u0101, Teksasas \u0161tat\u0101, atrodas lielpils\u0113tu centros. Pla\u0161as pla\u0161sazi\u0146as l\u012bdzek\u013cu uzman\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c tie t\u016bksto\u0161iem skat\u012bt\u0101ju ir par\u0101d\u012bju\u0161i, k\u0101 izskat\u0101s r\u016bp\u012bgi pl\u0101nota \u0113dama ainava.\n<\/p>\n
Citi projekti ir s\u0101ku\u0161ies k\u0101 uz cenu orient\u0113ti pazi\u0146ojumi par nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c pieejamiem biolo\u0123isk\u0101s lauksaimniec\u012bbas produktiem un graudaugiem. Northempton\u0101, Masa\u010d\u016bsetsas \u0161tat\u0101, Hungry Ghost Bakery \u012bpa\u0161nieki s\u0101ka d\u0101vin\u0101t pirc\u0113jiem savos pagalmos st\u0101d\u0101m\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes kvie\u0161u ogas. Vi\u0146i cer, ka viet\u0113jie iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji sp\u0113s izaudz\u0113t pietiekami daudz kvie\u0161u, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu apmierin\u0101t maizn\u012bcas vajadz\u012bbu p\u0113c biolo\u0123iskiem miltiem.\n<\/p>\n
Skotsdeilas priek\u0161pils\u0113t\u0101, Arizonas \u0161tat\u0101, k\u0101da m\u0101ksliniece, kas savu mauri\u0146u p\u0101rv\u0113rtusi par \u0113damu d\u0101rzu, zi\u0146o, ka automa\u0161\u012bnas apk\u0101rtn\u0113 iev\u0113rojami pal\u0113nina brauk\u0161anas \u0101trumu, jo autovad\u012bt\u0101ji apskata, kas tur aug.\n<\/p>\n
Klus\u0101 oke\u0101na zieme\u013crietumos d\u0101rzu klubi, universit\u0101\u0161u papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas programmas un eksperti par \u0113damo ainavu dizainu un t\u0101 filozofiju uzst\u0101jas ar run\u0101m, kas tiek izp\u0101rdotas un tiek r\u012bkotas tikai st\u0101vviet\u0101s. Un tiem, kam nav z\u0101liena, ko nop\u013caut un nomain\u012bt, ir \u013coti popul\u0101ras iesp\u0113jas, ko pied\u0101v\u0101 kopienas d\u0101rzi. Piem\u0113ram, Sietlas pils\u0113t\u0101, neraugoties uz to, ka tur jau ir vietas 6000 d\u0101rzkopju, v\u0113l t\u016bksto\u0161 cilv\u0113ku ir rind\u0101 uz zemes gabalu.\n<\/p>\n
\u0160\u0101da popularit\u0101te nep\u0101rsteidz \u010c\u0101rliju Nardoci (Charlie Nardozzi), Nacion\u0101l\u0101s d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas asoci\u0101cijas (National Gardening Association) \u0113dam\u0101s ainavas ekspertu un vec\u0101ko d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas speci\u0101listu. “\u0160obr\u012bd, \u0161aj\u0101 ekonomiskaj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101, mums ir tas, ko man pat\u012bk d\u0113v\u0113t par ‘ide\u0101lu v\u0113tru \u0113damajos d\u0101rzos’, ko ir veicin\u0101ju\u0161as ba\u017eas par glob\u0101lo sasil\u0161anu, oglek\u013ca ietekmi un m\u016bsu individu\u0101lo oglek\u013ca nospiedumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0101das lietas k\u0101 p\u0101rtikas dro\u0161\u012bba, p\u0101rtikas dro\u0161\u012bba, ener\u0123ijas cenas un p\u0101rtikas cenas. Da\u013ca no t\u0101 noteikti ir saist\u012bta ar ekonomiku; v\u0113sturiski vienm\u0113r, kad infl\u0101cija pieaug un ekonomika samazin\u0101s, atjaunojas interese par d\u0101rzkop\u012bbu. Es dom\u0101ju, ka cilv\u0113ki s\u0101k aizdom\u0101ties, k\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146i maks\u0101 4 dol\u0101rus par biolo\u0123iskajiem sal\u0101tiem, ja vi\u0146i var izaudz\u0113t divus vai tr\u012bs desmitus sal\u0101tu galvi\u0146u par maz\u0101ku cenu;\n<\/p>\n
P\u0113c Nardoci dom\u0101m, “Cilv\u0113ki v\u0113las zin\u0101mu kontroli p\u0101r savu dz\u012bvi, kad valda nenoteikt\u012bba un haosa saj\u016bta. Tas ietver visu, s\u0101kot ar cenu pieaugumu un beidzot ar ba\u017e\u0101m par dro\u0161\u012bbu un pieejam\u012bbu. Pie\u0146emot, ka j\u016bs d\u0101rz\u0101 audz\u0113jat biolo\u0123iski, tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka jums nav j\u0101uztraucas par pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu ar pestic\u012bdiem un jums nav j\u0101gaida, kad no \u010c\u012bles un Floridas ierad\u012bsies lidma\u0161\u012bnas un traktortehnikas piekabes ar produktiem.”E. coli un salmonellas uzliesmojumi r\u016bpnieciski audz\u0113taj\u0101 p\u0101rtik\u0101 ir v\u0113l viens mot\u012bvs, lai audz\u0113tu pa\u0161i.\n<\/p>\n
Paturot to pr\u0101t\u0101 un izmantojot t\u0101dus resursus k\u0101 Haeg’s Edible Estates: \u0112din\u0101mie d\u0101rzi, piem\u0113ram, \"Attack on the Front Lawn\" un \"Flores’ Food Not Lawns\", turpina rosin\u0101t ekskursijas un piepras\u012bjumus p\u0113c demonstr\u0113jumu d\u0101rziem, vai m\u0113s var\u0113tu s\u0101kt v\u0113rot Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laika uzvaras d\u0101rzu atdzim\u0161anu?\n<\/p>\n
“Iedom\u0101jieties, ” \u0161efpav\u0101re, pav\u0101rgr\u0101matu autore un viet\u0113j\u0101s p\u0101rtikas akt\u012bviste Debora Madisone nesen pr\u0101toja, “ja m\u016bsu vald\u012bba l\u016bgtu m\u016bs rea\u0123\u0113t uz glob\u0101l\u0101s sasil\u0161anas, naftas samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s un sliktas vesel\u012bbas kr\u012bzi …, st\u0101dot d\u0101rze\u0146u d\u0101rzus.”; Tie, kas Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 dz\u012bvoja ASV un Lielbrit\u0101nij\u0101 un pieredz\u0113ja p\u0101rtikas pat\u0113ri\u0146a ierobe\u017eojumus 40. gados, var ne tikai izt\u0113loties, bet ar\u012b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":82016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-garden-planning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82001"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82001\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}