{"id":81559,"date":"2023-03-07T11:20:01","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-ka-audzet-zemenes-sava-piemajas-pagalma\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:20:01","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:20:01","slug":"lv-ka-audzet-zemenes-sava-piemajas-pagalma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-ka-audzet-zemenes-sava-piemajas-pagalma\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 audz\u0113t zemenes sav\u0101 piem\u0101jas pagalm\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Carleen Madigan redi\u0123\u0113taj\u0101 gr\u0101mat\u0101 The Backyard Homestead (Storey Publishing, 2009) ir visa nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 inform\u0101cija par to, k\u0101 pagatavot da\u017e\u0101dus p\u0101rtikas produktus - no aug\u013cu un d\u0101rze\u0146u audz\u0113\u0161anas l\u012bdz sviesta kul\u0161anai un vistu audz\u0113\u0161anai. \u0160aj\u0101 izvilkum\u0101 no 2. noda\u013cas Backyard Fruits and Nuts Madigan skaidro, k\u0101 audz\u0113t zemenes — vienu no aug\u013ciem, ko, vi\u0146aspr\u0101t, vajadz\u0113tu audz\u0113t katram piem\u0101jas saimniekam.\n<\/p>\n

J\u016bs varat ieg\u0101d\u0101ties \u0161o gr\u0101matu no MOTHER EARTH NEWS veikala:The Backyard Homestead.\n<\/p>\n

Ja ir k\u0101ds auglis, ko vajadz\u0113tu audz\u0113t ikvienam lauku saimniekam un piepils\u0113tas iedz\u012bvot\u0101jam, tad t\u0101s ir zemenes. Neatkar\u012bgi no dz\u012bvesvietas, j\u016bs varat atrast \u0161\u0137irni, kas plaukst j\u016bsu apvid\u016b (skatiet “Ieteicam\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes p\u0113c re\u0123iona” \u0161\u012b raksta beig\u0101s). Zemenes parasti vislab\u0101k aug v\u0113sos un mitros re\u0123ionos, ta\u010du t\u0101s var audz\u0113t ar\u012b karst\u0101 un saus\u0101 klimat\u0101, jo \u012bpa\u0161i, ja piel\u0101gosiet bar\u012bbas vielu daudzumu, nodro\u0161in\u0101siet atbilsto\u0161as v\u0113jlauzes un j\u016blij\u0101, august\u0101 un septembr\u012b dosiet augiem daudz papildu \u016bdens.\n<\/p>\n

Zeme\u0146u aug\u013co\u0161anas paradumi
\n<\/h2>\n

Zeme\u0146u \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ir viens no vair\u0101kiem at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgiem aug\u013ckop\u012bbas paradumiem.\n<\/p>\n

J\u016bnija nes\u0113ji
\n<\/h3>\n

J\u016bnija m\u0101tesaugi ve\u0123et\u0101cijas sezonas laik\u0101 dod vienu lielu aug\u013cu ra\u017eu, un ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas periods parasti ilgst divas l\u012bdz tr\u012bs ned\u0113\u013cas. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no aug\u0161anas sezonas un re\u0123iona j\u016bs varat st\u0101d\u012bt agr\u012bn\u0101s, vidustermi\u0146a vai v\u0113l\u012bn\u0101s j\u016bnija mellenes.\n<\/p>\n

Dienas neitr\u0101las zemenes
\n<\/h3>\n

Dienas neitr\u0101l\u0101s (da\u017ek\u0101rt d\u0113v\u0113tas par \"m\u016b\u017eam augo\u0161aj\u0101m\") zemenes j\u0101st\u0101da agri pavasar\u012b, un t\u0101s ra\u017eos no j\u016blija l\u012bdz oktobrim. T\u0101s veido pumpurus nep\u0101rtraukti, jo nav jut\u012bgas pret dienas garuma izmai\u0146\u0101m. Kalifornij\u0101 selekcion\u0101ri izveidoja dienas neitr\u0101l\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101s ir laba izv\u0113le \u0161im re\u0123ionam, bet t\u0101s labi augs ar\u012b citos re\u0123ionos, ja tiks uzman\u012bgi laist\u012btas, m\u0113slotas un aizsarg\u0101tas ziem\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ar salmu mul\u010du. Dienai neitr\u0101l\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ne vienm\u0113r ir tik izcils arom\u0101ts k\u0101 j\u016bnija \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m, bet m\u016bsu tabul\u0101 \u0161\u012b raksta beig\u0101s ieteiktaj\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ir augsts arom\u0101ts.\n<\/p>\n

Alpu zemenes
\n<\/h3>\n

Alpu zemenes, kas ir me\u017ea zemen\u0113m vistuv\u0101k\u0101s p\u0113cmantinieces, bie\u017ei audz\u0113 k\u0101 apdobes vai zemes segumus. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no cit\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m t\u0101s var audz\u0113t no s\u0113kl\u0101m, un t\u0101s ra\u017eo visu ve\u0123et\u0101cijas periodu. To aug\u013ci ir diezgan mazi un ar intens\u012bvu gar\u0161u.\n<\/p>\n

Ja agri pavasar\u012b sagatavot\u0101 dob\u0113 mitr\u0101 augsn\u0113 ieliksiet veselus jebkuras \u0161\u0137irnes zeme\u0146u st\u0101dus, p\u0113c da\u017e\u0101m dien\u0101m tie izlauz\u012bs jaunas saknes, kam sekos vair\u0101kas jaunas lapas. J\u016bnij\u0101 no liel\u0101k\u0101s da\u013cas \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u st\u0101diem s\u0101ks augt dzinumi, kas iesak\u0146osies net\u0101lu no s\u0101kotn\u0113jiem augiem. P\u0113c tam no tiem izaug jauni dzinumi, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di ap s\u0101kotn\u0113jiem augiem \u0101tri izveidosies virkne jaunu augu.\n<\/p>\n

P\u0113c iest\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas gada j\u016bsu pirm\u0101 zeme\u0146u ra\u017ea b\u016bs vislab\u0101k\u0101. Dienu neitr\u0101l\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes jau pirmaj\u0101 gad\u0101 nodro\u0161in\u0101s kvalitat\u012bvu ra\u017eu, bet j\u016bnij\u0101 augo\u0161\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m atliksiet aug\u013cu veido\u0161anos l\u012bdz n\u0101kamajai ve\u0123et\u0101cijas sezonai, nogrie\u017eot pumpurus, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101s arom\u0101tiskus aug\u013cus un bag\u0101t\u012bg\u0101ku ra\u017eu.\n<\/p>\n

K\u0101 st\u0101d\u012bt
\n<\/h2>\n

J\u016bsu zeme\u0146u st\u0101di augs taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 viet\u0101 vismaz divus gadus, t\u0101p\u0113c labi sagatavojiet augsni. Ja iesp\u0113jams, izv\u0113lieties vietu, kur\u0101 nav nez\u0101\u013cu s\u0113klu. Augi ar seklaj\u0101m sakn\u0113m visu mitrumu un bar\u012bbu sa\u0146ems no da\u017eiem aug\u0161\u0113jiem augsnes centimetriem, kuriem j\u0101b\u016bt viegliem, bag\u0101t\u012bgiem, nedaudz sk\u0101biem (ieteicams pH 6,5) un ar bag\u0101t\u012bgu humusa saturu, kas pal\u012bdz saglab\u0101t mitrumu pat saus\u0101k\u0101 laik\u0101. Zemenes vislab\u0101k aug mitr\u0101 augsn\u0113 un piln\u0101 saul\u0113. Lai izveidotu jaunu zeme\u0146u dobi, izpildiet \u0161os nor\u0101d\u012bjumus:\n<\/p>\n

1. Augsni uzirdiniet vai uzirdiniet ar dak\u0161\u0101m 6 l\u012bdz 8 collu dzi\u013cum\u0101, likvid\u0113jot nez\u0101les un saknes. Iemizojiet dob\u0113 2 collu biezu komposta k\u0101rtu.\n<\/p>\n

2. Lai izraktu katru st\u0101d\u0101mo bedr\u012bti, iem\u016br\u0113jiet l\u0101psti\u0146u tie\u0161i augsn\u0113. Pavelciet rokturi uz sevi, lai atv\u0113rtu spraugu zem\u0113. Iz\u0161\u0137eliet auga saknes un ievietojiet t\u0101s atv\u0113rtaj\u0101 spraug\u0101, novietojot augu t\u0101, lai vainags (kur saknes un lapas savienojas) atrastos tie\u0161i virs augsnes l\u012bnijas. Ja augs b\u016bs dzi\u013c\u0101k, vainags var sap\u016bt; ja augs b\u016bs sekl\u0101ks, saknes var iz\u017e\u016bt. Iz\u0146emiet l\u0101psti\u0146u un sabl\u012bv\u0113jiet augsni ar rokas pap\u0113di. Katram augam dodiet litru \u016bdens, lai augsne nostabiliz\u0113tos.\n<\/p>\n

3. Kad augi s\u0101k augt, nogrieziet ziedpumpurus, no kuriem cit\u0101di att\u012bst\u012btos aug\u013ci. Pumpuru nogrie\u0161ana mudin\u0101s augus ieguld\u012bt ener\u0123iju sp\u0113c\u012bgas sak\u0146u sist\u0113mas veido\u0161an\u0101 un sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101 aug\u0161an\u0101, nevis aug\u013cu veido\u0161an\u0101. J\u016bsu balva b\u016bs bag\u0101t\u012bga lielu, gar\u0161\u012bgu ogu ra\u017ea no veseliem augiem. J\u016bnija ogul\u0101ju pumpurus nogrieziet pirmaj\u0101 gad\u0101, l\u012bdz zied\u0113\u0161ana beidzas. Dienas neitr\u0101l\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes piespraudiet \u010detras l\u012bdz piecas ned\u0113\u013cas p\u0113c iest\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas un p\u0113c tam p\u0101rtrauciet, \u013caujot n\u0101kamajiem ziediem ra\u017eot ogas. Ja tos piespraud\u012bsiet p\u0101r\u0101k ilgi, sa\u012bsin\u0101siet ra\u017eas sezonu.\n<\/p>\n

Zeme\u0146u audz\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas
\n<\/h2>\n

Mat\u0113tu rindu sist\u0113ma
\n<\/h3>\n

K\u0101jslaukumu sist\u0113ma ir vienk\u0101r\u0161s veids, k\u0101 audz\u0113t zemenes liel\u0101 dob\u0113. \u0160\u012b sist\u0113ma ir ar\u012b visviegl\u0101k p\u0101rvald\u0101ma. J\u016bnija m\u0101tesaugus parasti st\u0101da mat\u0113t\u0101 rind\u0101, jo tie izaudz\u0113 vair\u0101k dzinumu nek\u0101 diennakts neitr\u0101lie augi. Zeme\u0146u st\u0101dus izvietojiet rind\u0101s, kas ir 12 l\u012bdz 16 collas viena no otras, 3 p\u0113du att\u0101lum\u0101. \u013baujiet augiem izaudz\u0113t p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k dzinumu. Kad dzinumi veidojas, novietojiet tos t\u0101, lai saknes veidotos ap m\u0101tes augu ap\u013cveida k\u0101rt\u0101s. P\u0113c tam, kad augi ir izaugu\u0161i ik p\u0113c 3 l\u012bdz 4 coll\u0101m, nogrieziet papildu dzinumus, lai augi neb\u016btu p\u0101rbl\u012bv\u0113ti. Lai gan \u0161\u012b sist\u0113ma dos labu ra\u017eu, ogas b\u016bs maz\u0101kas nek\u0101 ogas, kas izaudz\u0113tas, izmantojot dubult\u0101 kalna sist\u0113mu.\n<\/p>\n

Double-Hill sist\u0113ma
\n<\/h3>\n

Divu pakalnu sist\u0113ma ir univers\u0101la metode, kas piem\u0113rota gan lauksaimniekiem, kuri audz\u0113 garas rindas, gan piem\u0101jas d\u0101rzkopjiem, kas st\u0101da neliel\u0101 plat\u012bb\u0101. Kalni\u0146u sist\u0113ma prasa vair\u0101k apsaimnieko\u0161anas, jo jums b\u016bs j\u0101likvid\u0113 dzinumi; da\u017ei audz\u0113t\u0101ji izmanto ar\u012b pilienveida sist\u0113mas un iestr\u0101d\u0101 plastmasu, lai nom\u0101ktu nez\u0101les. Diennakti neitr\u0101los graudaugus var audz\u0113t ar\u012b mat\u0113t\u0101 rind\u0101, ta\u010du tie vislab\u0101k piem\u0113roti kalna sist\u0113mai, jo parasti tie neveido tik daudz dzinumu.\n<\/p>\n

Vispirms no m\u0101tesaugiem no\u0146emiet visus dzinumus, kas pal\u012bdz\u0113s novirz\u012bt augu ener\u0123iju pumpuru veido\u0161anai. Izvietojiet augus 10 l\u012bdz 12 collu att\u0101lum\u0101 vienu no otra, p\u0101r\u012b, rind\u0101s, kas pa\u0161as ir 10 l\u012bdz 12 collu att\u0101lum\u0101 viena no otras. Izvietojiet st\u0101dus rind\u0101s vismaz 18 collas viens no otra.\n<\/p>\n

Zeme\u0146u st\u0101du kop\u0161ana
\n<\/h3>\n

L\u012bdzsvarots m\u0113slojums, jo \u012bpa\u0161i ar sl\u0101pekli un k\u0101liju, pal\u012bdz nodro\u0161in\u0101t zeme\u0146u augu baro\u0161anu’ sekl\u0101m sakn\u0113m. S\u0101kot ar pirm\u0101 gada pavasari, m\u0113slojiet augus ar organisko m\u0113slojumu saska\u0146\u0101 ar nor\u0101d\u012bjumiem uz iepakojuma. Tas parasti nodro\u0161in\u0101s augus ar vis\u0101m nepiecie\u0161amaj\u0101m bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m. Da\u017e\u0101s dienvidu, austrumu un vid\u0113jo rietumu valstu augsn\u0113s nepiecie\u0161ams ar\u012b papildu fosfors. Zieme\u013crietumos augsnei var b\u016bt nepiecie\u0161ams pievienot mikroelementus. August\u0101 un septembr\u012b m\u0113slojiet un laistiet augus, lai atjaunotu pumpurus n\u0101kam\u0101 gada ra\u017eai. Pavasar\u012b m\u0113slojiet v\u0113lreiz, lai veicin\u0101tu m\u012bksto aug\u013cu veido\u0161anos.\n<\/p>\n

Kam\u0113r aug\u013ci nogatavojas, laistiet zemenes ar aptuveni 1 collu \u016bdens ned\u0113\u013c\u0101. \u0160\u0101ds laist\u012b\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms \u013caus ieg\u016bt lielas un sul\u012bgas ogas. Nep\u0101rsp\u012bl\u0113jiet ar to — p\u0101r\u0101k daudz \u016bdens \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 var dot lielus aug\u013cus ar \u016bde\u0146ainu, at\u0161\u0137aid\u012btu gar\u0161u.\n<\/p>\n

Ja ap ogu st\u0101diem apberiet daudz organisk\u0101s mul\u010das, t\u0101 apspied\u012bs nez\u0101les un pal\u012bdz\u0113s saglab\u0101t mitrumu augsn\u0113, kas aizsarg\u0101s augu sak\u0146u sist\u0113mu. Tas ar\u012b mazin\u0101s augsnes uzp\u016b\u0161anos ziemas beig\u0101s un agr\u0101 pavasar\u012b. Salmu vai prie\u017eu skuju mul\u010da var nodro\u0161in\u0101t past\u0101v\u012bg\u0101ku temperat\u016bru, aizsarg\u0101jot pret laikapst\u0101k\u013cu sv\u0101rst\u012bb\u0101m. Apvidos, kur ziem\u0101 temperat\u016bra kr\u012bt krietni zem nulles, mul\u010das kl\u0101tb\u016btne var nov\u0113rst nopietnus boj\u0101jumus, saglab\u0101t aug\u013cus t\u012brus un saglab\u0101t kult\u016braugu vesel\u012bbu ar\u012b miera period\u0101. Uzkl\u0101jiet 2 l\u012bdz 5 collas mul\u010das, aukst\u0101k\u0101 klimat\u0101 lietojiet liel\u0101ku mul\u010das sl\u0101ni.\n<\/p>\n

Kad b\u016bs laiks nov\u0101kt ogas? Vairumam zeme\u0146u \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u nogatavojoties, aug\u013ci maina kr\u0101su no baltas uz s\u0101rtu un sarkanu. Mainoties kr\u0101sai, aug\u013cos att\u012bst\u0101s cukurs. Ogas, kas nov\u0101ktas, pirms t\u0101s ir piln\u012bb\u0101 nogatavoju\u0161\u0101s, neb\u016bs tik saldas. Ogas nov\u0101ciet r\u012bta v\u0113sum\u0101, kad t\u0101s ir stingras.\n<\/p>\n

Ieteicam\u0101s zeme\u0146u \u0161\u0137irnes p\u0113c re\u0123iona:
\n<\/h2>\n

Visas \u0161\u012bs \u0161\u0137irnes, kas piem\u0113rotas m\u0101jra\u017eot\u0101jiem, ir paz\u012bstamas ar savu gar\u0161u un labi att\u012bst\u0101s \u0161\u0101dos klimatiskajos apst\u0101k\u013cos:\n<\/p>\n

- Dienvidu un Persijas l\u012b\u010da piekraste: ‘Chandler,’ ‘Camarosa’ - Vidusatlantisk\u0101 piekraste: ‘Earliglow,’ ‘Jewel,’ ‘Allstar’ - Zieme\u013caustrumi: Vid\u0113jie rietumi: ‘Earliglow,’ ‘Sparkle,’ ‘Honeoye,’ ‘Jewel’ - Dienvidu l\u012bdzenumi: ‘Jewel,’ ‘Allstar,’ ‘Honeoye’ - Dienvidu l\u012bdzenumi: Zieme\u013crietumi: ‘Hood,’ ‘Totem’ - Kalifornija un Dienvidrietumi: ‘Hood,’ ‘Totem’ - Kalifornija un Dienvidrietumi: ‘Hood,’ ‘Totem’ - Kalifornija un Dienvidrietumi: ‘Jewel,’ ‘Jewel,’ ‘Honeoye’ - Zieme\u013crietumi: ‘Jewel,’ ‘Earliglow,’ ‘Allstar’ - Dienvidrietumi: ‘Seascape,’ ‘Albion,’ ‘San Andreas’ - Alpu tipa jebkuram re\u0123ionam: ‘Mara des Bois,’ ‘Pineberry’ (paz\u012bstams ar\u012b k\u0101 ‘Hula Berry’).\n<\/p>\n

Pamata zeme\u0146u iev\u0101r\u012bjuma recepte
\n<\/h2>\n

Zemenes un cukurs, vienk\u0101r\u0161i un vienk\u0101r\u0161i. \u0160o zeme\u0146u iev\u0101r\u012bjuma pamatrecepti iecien\u012bju\u0161i visi, \u012bpa\u0161i, ja tas gatavots no ar rok\u0101m v\u0101kt\u0101m, saul\u0113 saldin\u0101t\u0101m og\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n