{"id":81455,"date":"2023-03-07T11:15:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-darza-augsnes-veidosana-pievienojot-slapekli-koksnes-skeldai\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:15:35","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:35","slug":"lv-darza-augsnes-veidosana-pievienojot-slapekli-koksnes-skeldai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-darza-augsnes-veidosana-pievienojot-slapekli-koksnes-skeldai\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u0101rza augsnes veido\u0161ana, pievienojot sl\u0101pekli koksnes \u0161\u0137eldai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uzziniet vair\u0101k par koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas mul\u010das plusiem un m\u012bnusiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b par to, k\u0101p\u0113c koksnes \u0161\u0137eldai vajadz\u0113tu pievienot sl\u0101pekli, lai d\u0101rz\u0101 g\u016btu ilgtermi\u0146a labumu.\n<\/p>\n

Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca biolo\u0123isko d\u0101rzkopju secina, ka sekot dabas mode\u013ciem ir labi. Kad runa ir par bag\u0101t\u0101kas augsnes veido\u0161anu, dabas pl\u0101ns liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 balst\u0101s uz kokiem — kritu\u0161iem zariem, lap\u0101m, \u010diekuriem, s\u0113kl\u0101m un galu gal\u0101 ar\u012b uz mas\u012bviem stumbriem. Piel\u0101gojot \u0161o pl\u0101nu d\u0101rza augsnes veido\u0161anai, izmantojot koksnes mul\u010du — piem\u0113ram, koksnes \u0161\u0137eldu, z\u0101\u0123u skaidas vai citas koksnes atliekas — ir strat\u0113\u0123ija, kas sola lielu ilgtermi\u0146a pe\u013c\u0146u.\n<\/p>\n

Lauka p\u0113t\u012bjumi, kas veikti jau pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta 50. gados, liecina, ka daudz\u0101m augsn\u0113m ir nepiecie\u0161ama tie\u0161i koksnes materi\u0101lu di\u0113ta ar augstu \u0161\u0137iedrvielu saturu. Sapuvu\u0161i koksnes gabali\u0146i ilgsto\u0161i saglab\u0101jas k\u0101 organisk\u0101 viela, uzlabojot augsnes sp\u0113ju saglab\u0101t bar\u012bbas vielas un mitrumu, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 ieg\u016bst liel\u0101ku un lab\u0101ku ra\u017eu.\n<\/p>\n

Bet pagaidiet: koksnes materi\u0101li satur daudz oglek\u013ca un celulozes, t\u0101p\u0113c, lai tie sadal\u012btos, tiem nepiecie\u0161ams sl\u0101peklis un laiks. Ja j\u016bs ignor\u0113siet \u0161os faktus, iemaisot svaigas z\u0101\u0123u skaidas vai skaidas tie\u0161i augsn\u0113, \u0161ie materi\u0101li saist\u012bs lielu da\u013cu augsnes sl\u0101pek\u013ca un uz vienu vai div\u0101m sezon\u0101m padar\u012bs \u0161o vietu neder\u012bgu d\u0101rzkop\u012bbai.\n<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r rezult\u0101ts main\u0101s, ja pievieno sl\u0101pekli vai laiku. Piem\u0113ram, kad p\u0113tnieki 2005. gad\u0101 st\u0101d\u012bja jaunu biolo\u0123isko \u0101be\u013cd\u0101rzu Meinas zieme\u013cu \u0161tat\u0101, svaigas koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas kombin\u0101cij\u0101 ar asins miltiem (organiskais materi\u0101ls ar \u013coti augstu sl\u0101pek\u013ca saturu un tipisku anal\u012bzi 12-0-0), iestr\u0101d\u0101tas augsnes aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b, k\u0101 ar\u012b augsnes virsk\u0101rtas mul\u010d\u0113\u0161ana ar koksnes \u0161\u0137eld\u0101m, izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s lab\u0101kas nek\u0101 tr\u012bs citas apstr\u0101des metodes, lai veicin\u0101tu \u0101tru koku aug\u0161anu. Turkl\u0101t nepilnu divu gadu laik\u0101 organisko vielu saturs ar \u0161\u0137eldu papildin\u0101tajos parauglaukumos pieauga no nulles l\u012bdz 2 l\u012bdz 3 procentiem.\n<\/p>\n

Z\u0101\u0123u skaid\u0101m ir daudz liel\u0101ka atkl\u0101t\u0101 virsma nek\u0101 \u0161\u0137eldai, t\u0101p\u0113c svaigu z\u0101\u0123u skaidu iestr\u0101d\u0101\u0161ana augsn\u0113 nav laba ideja ne no \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 (sl\u0101pek\u013ca piesaistes d\u0113\u013c), ne no fizik\u0101l\u0101 viedok\u013ca (mais\u012bjums nesatur \u016bdeni). Ta\u010du z\u0101\u0123u skaidas ir lielisks mul\u010d\u0113\u0161anas materi\u0101ls daudzgad\u012bg\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m. Ja katru reizi, kad uzberat svaigu sl\u0101ni, augsnes virsk\u0101rt\u0101 izkais\u0101t nedaudz organisk\u0101 m\u0113slojuma, m\u0101jputnu m\u0113slojuma vai cita sl\u0101pek\u013ca avota, z\u0101\u0123u skaidas ir nep\u0101rsp\u0113jama mul\u010da mellen\u0113m, zemen\u0113m un aven\u0113m, un t\u0101s var labi noder\u0113t ar\u012b spar\u0123e\u013ciem.\n<\/p>\n

D\u0101rza celi\u0146i, kas nobru\u0123\u0113ti ar z\u0101\u0123u skaid\u0101m kl\u0101t\u0101m av\u012bz\u0113m, ir k\u0101 pakl\u0101js zem k\u0101j\u0101m. P\u0113c sap\u016b\u0161anas z\u0101\u0123u skaidas iev\u0113rojami uzlabo augsnes tekst\u016bru, jo m\u012bkstie gabali\u0146i ilgsto\u0161i saglab\u0101jas augsn\u0113. Ba\u017eas par to, ka koksnes piedevas pask\u0101bina augsni, ir m\u012bts. Tikai agr\u012bn\u0101 sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s stadij\u0101, kad celulozes \u0161\u0137iedras s\u0101k sadal\u012bties, notiek strauja sk\u0101bju pl\u016bsma. Ilgtermi\u0146a p\u0113t\u012bjumi par koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas un z\u0101\u0123u skaidu ietekmi uz augsni paties\u012bb\u0101 liecina, ka augsnes pH nedaudz paaugstin\u0101s, kas ir laba zi\u0146a liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai d\u0101rzu kult\u016bru. (Jo zem\u0101ks pH, jo augsne ir sk\u0101b\u0101ka.)\n<\/p>\n

Mycelium trakums
\n<\/h2>\n

Veicot p\u0113t\u012bjumu par Meinas \u0101bolu d\u0101rzu, p\u0113tnieku grupa nov\u0113roja, ka \u0161\u0137eldas parauglaukumi p\u0101rkl\u0101j\u0101s ar baltu mic\u0113liju, kas ir daudzu aug\u013cu s\u0113\u0146u ve\u0123etat\u012bv\u0101 forma un ko parasti d\u0113v\u0113 par balto puvi. \u0160o s\u0113\u0146u att\u012bst\u012bba koksnes mul\u010d\u0101 palielina organisko vielu daudzumu un uzlabo to raksturu augsn\u0113, k\u0101 ar\u012b veicina augsnes sp\u0113ju saglab\u0101t mitrumu. Koka skaidu sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s proces\u0101 galven\u0101 loma ir milz\u012bgai s\u0113\u0146u grupai, ko kop\u012bgi sauc par Basidiomycetes. Daudzas no t\u0101m ra\u017eo s\u0113nes — skaistas, bet parasti nav \u0113damas. Mitr\u0101s koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas un augsnes savieno\u0161an\u0101s viet\u0101s \u0161\u012bs s\u0113nes izmanto enz\u012bmus, lai piek\u013c\u016btu koksn\u0113 eso\u0161aj\u0101m bar\u012bbas viel\u0101m, kas ir to ener\u0123ijas avots pavedienveid\u012bgo, balto hifu aug\u0161anai. Hifas savijas kop\u0101 mic\u0113lij\u0101, kas ir viegli saskat\u0101ms. Papildus s\u0113n\u0113m vair\u0101ki specializ\u0113ti bakt\u0113riju veidi sp\u0113j no\u0101rd\u012bt t\u0101dus materi\u0101lus ar augstu celulozes saturu, piem\u0113ram, koksnes \u0161\u0137eldu, bet citi sagremot neveiksm\u012bgas s\u0113nes. \u0160\u0101di raugoties, ir viegli iedom\u0101ties, ka koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas augsn\u0113 ir k\u0101 dz\u012bv\u012bbas plosti, kas uztur tr\u012bs galvenos augsnes dz\u012bv\u012bbas l\u012bme\u0146us: \u0161\u0137eldas \u0161\u0137iedrain\u0101s organisk\u0101s vielas, uz t\u0101m augo\u0161\u0101 pavedienveida s\u0113\u0146u biolo\u0123isk\u0101 masa un labv\u0113l\u012bg\u0101s bakt\u0113rijas, kas n\u0101k un iet vi\u013c\u0146os.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

\u0160o mikroorganismu starteru kolonijas parasti atrodas uz \u0161\u0137eldo\u0146u mizas. Tradds Kotters, mikologs un Mushroom Mountain \u012bpa\u0161nieks Dienvidkarol\u012bn\u0101, saka, ka s\u0113nes, kas atrodas uz koksnes, s\u0101k augt \u0101tri p\u0113c tam, kad koksne ir sagriezta vai \u0161\u0137eldota. Mitr\u0101 klimat\u0101, iesp\u0113jams, nav nepiecie\u0161ams pievienot s\u0113\u0146u inokulantu, lai uzs\u0101ktu \u0161o procesu, bet Kotters saka, ka inokulantu nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana z\u0101\u0123u skaidu n\u0101rsta veid\u0101 (z\u0101\u0123u skaidas, kas kl\u0101tas ar akt\u012bvi augo\u0161u mic\u0113liju) var pa\u0101trin\u0101t un uzlabot augsnes veido\u0161an\u0101s procesu. Iesp\u0113jams, \u0161aj\u0101 proces\u0101 ieg\u016bsiet ar\u012b k\u0101du \u0113damu s\u0113ni. “Viet\u0113j\u0101 \u0113dam\u0101 suga kara\u013ca strop\u0101rija (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) ir m\u016bsu l\u012bdz \u0161im lab\u0101kais koksnes sadal\u012b\u0161anas celms,” saka Kotters. “T\u0101 izplat\u0101s m\u016bsu d\u0101rzos, palielinot augsnes dzi\u013cumu un piesaistot der\u012bgos organismus, piem\u0113ram, sliekas.”Strof\u0101rijas (v\u012bgriezes) un citu sugu z\u0101\u0123skaidas vai skaidu n\u0101rstus var ieg\u0101d\u0101ties m\u016bsu veikal\u0101 Field and Forest Products un Fungi Perfecti.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Resursu atg\u016b\u0161ana
\n<\/h2>\n

Koksnes \u0161\u0137elda un z\u0101\u0123u skaidas ir blakusprodukti, kas radu\u0161ies citu darb\u012bbu rezult\u0101t\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c pirmais solis ir atrast kvalitat\u012bvus un viet\u0113jos resursus. Ja tu dz\u012bvo net\u0101lu no kokz\u0101\u0123\u0113tavas, iesp\u0113jams, var\u0113si ieg\u016bt l\u0113tas z\u0101\u0123u skaidas, ta\u010du tev b\u016bs nepiecie\u0161ama z\u0101\u0123\u0113tavas operatora garantija, ka taj\u0101s nav melno valriekstu z\u0101\u0123u skaidu, kas izdala toks\u012bnu, kur\u0161 var nogalin\u0101t tom\u0101tus un citus jut\u012bgus d\u0101rze\u0146us. D\u0101rz\u0101 j\u0101izvair\u0101s ar\u012b no sapl\u0101k\u0161\u0146a un kr\u0101sotas vai apstr\u0101d\u0101tas koksnes z\u0101\u0123u skaid\u0101m, jo t\u0101s satur l\u012bmes un citas \u0137imik\u0101lijas. Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz z\u0101\u0123u skaid\u0101m, jo zem\u0101k ra\u017eo\u0161anas \u0137\u0113d\u0113 (z\u0101\u0123\u0113tav\u0101, kas apstr\u0101d\u0101 veselus ba\u013c\u0137us), jo liel\u0101ka ir iesp\u0113ja ieg\u016bt d\u0101rzam der\u012bgas z\u0101\u0123u skaidas. Augsnes veido\u0161anai rupj\u0101s z\u0101\u0123u skaidas ir lab\u0101kas nek\u0101 smalk\u0101s, jo t\u0101s maz\u0101k sabl\u012bv\u0113jas un ilg\u0101k saglab\u0101jas augsn\u0113 k\u0101 organisk\u0101 viela.\n<\/p>\n

Ja z\u0101\u0123u skaidas tiek tur\u0113tas mitras, t\u0101s p\u0101rsteidzo\u0161i \u0101tri sadal\u0101s. Ohaio \u0161tata universit\u0101tes p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 konstat\u0113ts, ka z\u0101\u0123u skaidas sap\u016bla \u0101tr\u0101k nek\u0101 av\u012bze vai salmi, un abas \u0161\u012bs vielas bija atpaz\u012bstamas v\u0113l p\u0113c 16 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101m. Lai pa\u0101trin\u0101tu z\u0101\u0123skaidu kaudzes p\u016b\u0161anu, vienk\u0101r\u0161i pievienojiet mitrumu un sl\u0101pekli. To var izdar\u012bt, sajaucot lielu zivju emulsijas devu, ielejot to jau mitr\u0101, p\u012br\u0101ga formas z\u0101\u0123skaidu kaudz\u0113 un p\u0113c tam p\u0101rkl\u0101jot to ar brezentu vai vecu segu, lai saglab\u0101tu mitrumu. Kad z\u0101\u0123u skaidas k\u013c\u016bst melnas, t\u0101s var izmantot jebkuras augsnes atvieglo\u0161anai — tostarp augsnes podos — st\u0101du un konteineru d\u0101rzkop\u012bb\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

Liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 jaun\u0101ko p\u0113t\u012bjumu ar koksnes \u0161\u0137eldu izmantoja t\u0101 saukt\u0101s zaru \u0161\u0137eldas, ko ieg\u016bst, ja dz\u012bvus, 2 l\u012bdz 3 collas diametra cietkoksnes zarus bez lap\u0101m izspie\u017e caur \u0161\u0137eldot\u0101ju, lai ieg\u016btu pusotru l\u012bdz 1 collas platus un 1 l\u012bdz 4 collas garus gabalus. Ramial \u0161\u0137eldai ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i maz mizas un koksnes, jo izmantotie zari ir tik lieli, un tas ir viens no iemesliem, k\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 ir tik pievilc\u012bga k\u0101 augsnes papildin\u0101jums. Lab\u0101kaj\u0101s partij\u0101s ir ar\u012b maz lapu, \u010diekuri\u0146u vai citu dzelo\u0146ainu da\u013cu.\n<\/p>\n

Varat bez maksas sa\u0146emt \u0161\u0137eldu \u0161\u0137eldas, sazinoties ar koku apgrie\u0161anas brig\u0101d\u0113m, kas str\u0101d\u0101 j\u016bsu re\u0123ion\u0101. Da\u017e\u0101s pils\u0113t\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, O\u0161ko\u0161\u0101, Viskonsinas \u0161tat\u0101, noteikt\u0101s sestdien\u0101s j\u016bs varat nog\u0101d\u0101t nelielus zarus uz \u0161\u0137eldo\u0161anas centru un doties m\u0101j\u0101s ar pa\u0161u audz\u0113t\u0101m \u0161\u0137eld\u0101m. Lai kur j\u016bs dz\u012bvotu, lai atrastu bezmaksas pied\u0101v\u0101jumu, pietiks ar da\u017eiem t\u0101lru\u0146a zvaniem viet\u0113jiem komun\u0101lo pakalpojumu uz\u0146\u0113mumiem vai koku pakalpojumu uz\u0146\u0113mumiem. Koksnes \u0161\u0137elda bie\u017ei vien non\u0101k izg\u0101ztuv\u0113s; izmantosim to, lai bag\u0101tin\u0101tu m\u016bsu d\u0101rzu augsni.\n<\/p>\n

\u0160\u0137eldot\u0101ja-smalcin\u0101t\u0101ja opcijas
\n<\/h2>\n
<\/figure>\n

Ja j\u016bsu \u012bpa\u0161um\u0101 ir daudz koku, par kuriem j\u0101r\u016bp\u0113jas, varat ieg\u0101d\u0101ties smalcin\u0101t\u0101ju-\u0161\u0137eldot\u0101ju un pa\u0161i izgatavot augsni veidojo\u0161u mul\u010du. \u0160o ma\u0161\u012bnu varat izmantot ar\u012b rudens lapu smalcin\u0101\u0161anai. Ja v\u0113tra nog\u0101\u017e k\u0101du koku, varat iznom\u0101t \u0161\u0137eldot\u0101ju vai nol\u012bgt k\u0101du, kas ierad\u012bsies un sa\u0161\u0137eldos to j\u016bsu viet\u0101. \u0160\u0137eldot\u0101ju-smalcin\u0101t\u0101ju ra\u017eot\u0101ji ir BCS, Country Home, Echo un MacKissic.\n<\/p>\n

Redaktore Barbara Pleasant d\u0101rznieko dienvidrietumu Vird\u017e\u012bnij\u0101, kur vi\u0146a audz\u0113 d\u0101rze\u0146us, gar\u0161augus, aug\u013cus, aug\u013cus, ziedus un da\u017eus laim\u012bgus c\u0101\u013cus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uzziniet vair\u0101k par koksnes \u0161\u0137eldas mul\u010das plusiem un m\u012bnusiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b par to, k\u0101p\u0113c koksnes \u0161\u0137eldai vajadz\u0113tu pievienot sl\u0101pekli, lai d\u0101rz\u0101 g\u016btu ilgtermi\u0146a labumu. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca biolo\u0123isko d\u0101rzkopju secina, ka sekot dabas mode\u013ciem ir labi. Kad runa ir par bag\u0101t\u0101kas augsnes veido\u0161anu, dabas pl\u0101ns liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 balst\u0101s uz kokiem — kritu\u0161iem zariem, lap\u0101m, \u010diekuriem, s\u0113kl\u0101m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-gardening-techniques"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81455"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81455\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}