{"id":81039,"date":"2023-03-07T11:05:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-granatabolu-koku-audzesana\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:05:10","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:05:10","slug":"lv-granatabolu-koku-audzesana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/2023\/03\/07\/lv-granatabolu-koku-audzesana\/","title":{"rendered":"Gran\u0101t\u0101bolu koku audz\u0113\u0161ana"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lab\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113t ogu, ko da\u017e\u0101s kult\u016br\u0101s d\u0113v\u0113 par parad\u012bzes augli, ir to nogar\u0161ot. Gran\u0101t\u0101bolu arom\u0101ta profils, kur\u0101 ir l\u012bdz pat 83 arom\u0101tisk\u0101m not\u012bm, apvieno Konkordas v\u012bnogu s\u012brupaino saldumu, dz\u0113rve\u0146u atsvaidzino\u0161o s\u012bvumu un citronu atv\u0113sino\u0161o gar\u0161u. Katrs kumoss ir k\u0101 tapioka. Visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 to izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t pa\u0161am? Audz\u0113jot gran\u0101t\u0101bolu kokus.\n<\/p>\n

Jaun\u0101kie p\u0113t\u012bjumi apstiprina v\u0113sturiskos apgalvojumus, ka gran\u0101t\u0101boli ne tikai iepriecina gar\u0161as k\u0101rpi\u0146as, bet ar\u012b veicina vesel\u012bbu. D\u0101rzkopjiem ir viegli iev\u0101kt ra\u017eu. Gran\u0101t\u0101boli aug agri, un tos maz skar slim\u012bbas un kait\u0113k\u013ci. D\u0101rzkopji, kas mekl\u0113 tirgus ni\u0161u, var izv\u0113l\u0113ties k\u0101du no vair\u0101k nek\u0101 1000 da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m, no kur\u0101m gandr\u012bz visas nav pieejamas p\u0101rtikas veikalu pirc\u0113jiem.\n<\/p>\n

K\u0101 aug gran\u0101t\u0101boli?
\n<\/h2>\n

Gran\u0101t\u0101boliem j\u0101b\u016bt visos biolo\u0123isko d\u0101rzkopju lab\u0101ko aug\u013cu sarakstos, jo tos ir \u013coti viegli audz\u0113t. Dz\u012bvnieki un kukai\u0146i atst\u0101j aug\u013cus mier\u0101, jo to miza ir stingra. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no persikiem un \u0137ir\u0161iem \u0161ie augstie lapu koku kr\u016bmi mazos aug\u013cu d\u0101rzos vai piem\u0101jas d\u0101rzos reti prasa smidzin\u0101\u0161anu. Gran\u0101t\u0101boli var iztur\u0113t augstu temperat\u016bru l\u012bdz pat 118 gr\u0101diem p\u0113c F\u0101renheita, un da\u017eas \u0161\u0137irnes var iztur\u0113t ar\u012b m\u012bnus 6 gr\u0101du temperat\u016bru, neno\u017euvu\u0161as l\u012bdz zemei. Kr\u016bmi dod priek\u0161roku labai d\u0101rza augsnei, bet tie aug, neskatoties uz p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgu s\u0101\u013cumu, kalciju un s\u0101rmainu augsni, un labi aug ar\u012b sausum\u0101 vai mitrum\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r 7. vai zem\u0101k\u0101 zon\u0101 augo\u0161ajiem gran\u0101t\u0101bolu (Punica granatum) audz\u0113t\u0101jiem ir m\u0101c\u012bba par mikroklimatu un \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u izv\u0113li. Vislab\u0101k\u0101 strat\u0113\u0123ija ir ieg\u0101d\u0101ties aukstumiztur\u012bg\u0101ko kr\u016bmu, k\u0101du vien iesp\u0113jams atrast, un iest\u0101d\u012bt to tuvu \u0113kai piln\u0101 saulain\u0101 viet\u0101. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp augu, kas p\u0101rdz\u012bvo ziemu, un augu, kas iet boj\u0101, var b\u016bt atkar\u012bga no t\u0101, vai tas atrodas akmens vai \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu sienas tuvum\u0101, kas absorb\u0113 saules siltumu dienas laik\u0101 un atdod \u0161o ener\u0123iju nakt\u012b. Gran\u0101t\u0101bolus var audz\u0113t ar\u012b podos un ziemas laik\u0101 ienest iek\u0161\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

R\u016bp\u012bgi izv\u0113lieties st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas vietu. V\u0113s\u0101kos apgabalos lab\u0101ka aug\u013cu ra\u017ea ir iesp\u0113jami silt\u0101k\u0101 viet\u0101. Audz\u0113t\u0101ji parasti st\u0101da tuvu \u0113kas dienvidu vai dienvidaustrumu pusei, v\u0113lams, no akmens vai \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ciem, lai samazin\u0101tu ziemas v\u0113ja iedarb\u012bbu un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu mikroklimatu.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Izrokiet bedri, kas ir tr\u012bs reizes liel\u0101ka par st\u0101d\u0101mo augu — vismaz 2-3 p\u0113du diametr\u0101 un 1-2 p\u0113du dzi\u013cum\u0101. Uzlabojiet augsni ar vienu vai diviem maisiem k\u016btsm\u0113slu un pirms st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas ar l\u0101pstu iemaisiet tos bedr\u0113. Pirms st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas bedri labi aplaistiet un v\u0113lreiz p\u0113c tam, kad b\u016bsiet pabeigu\u0161i. width=\"100%\" height=\"90\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\">\n<\/p>\n

Lai gan gran\u0101t\u0101boli var izdz\u012bvot maz\u0101k nek\u0101 ide\u0101los apst\u0101k\u013cos un joproj\u0101m dot aug\u013cus, tie vislab\u0101k rea\u0123\u0113 uz uzman\u012bgu audz\u0113\u0161anu optim\u0101l\u0101 vid\u0113. No 8b l\u012bdz 10. zonai tie zied un ra\u017eo aug\u013cus vair\u0101kas reizes gad\u0101. Aug\u013cu veido\u0161anos ietekm\u0113 vair\u0101ki faktori, tostarp \u0161\u0137irne un sievi\u0161\u0137o ziedu proporcija pret v\u012bri\u0161\u0137ajiem, da\u017e\u0101du \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u savstarp\u0113j\u0101 apputeksn\u0113\u0161ana, kas var palielin\u0101t aug\u013cu veido\u0161anos par 20-40 %, ap\u016bde\u0146o\u0161ana vai nokri\u0161\u0146u daudzums un m\u0113slo\u0161ana. D\u0101rznieki var veikt m\u0113renu apgrie\u0161anu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu aug\u013cu ra\u017e\u012bbu un saglab\u0101tu graciozu raudo\u0161u formu. Cit\u0101di j\u0101nov\u0101c tikai nokaltu\u0161\u0101 vai ne\u0113rt\u0101 koksne.\n<\/p>\n

Eksperti nav vienispr\u0101tis par to, vai ir v\u0113rts s\u0101kt jaunu gran\u0101t\u0101bolu kr\u016bmu no s\u0113kl\u0101m, ta\u010du liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca ir vienispr\u0101tis, ka no s\u0113kl\u0101m nevar izaudz\u0113t atbilsto\u0161a tipa augus.\n<\/p>\n

T\u0101 viet\u0101 \u0146emiet 8 l\u012bdz 20 collas garu, vismaz z\u012bmu\u013ca biezuma griezumu no sp\u0113c\u012bga, vesel\u012bga auga. Varat pat izrakt nev\u0113lamas atvases vai nogriezt zarus, lai atv\u0113rtu eso\u0161\u0101 auga vainagu. Ar kr\u012bti\u0146u vai pildspalvu atz\u012bm\u0113jiet pamatnes galu vai ar plakanu griezumu nor\u0101diet pamatni, bet ar le\u0146\u0137veida griezumu - aug\u0161da\u013cu; tas nodro\u0161in\u0101s to, ka j\u016bs ievietosiet pareizo galu sak\u0146u barotn\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

Ar nazi noskr\u0101p\u0113jiet 1\n<\/p>\n

Novietojiet spraude\u0146us netie\u0161\u0101 saules gaism\u0101 un izveidojiet nelielu siltumn\u012bcu (lai uztur\u0113tu mitru vidi), apmetot virs podi\u0146a caursp\u012bd\u012bgu trauku. Var izmantot ar\u012b miglo\u0161anas sist\u0113mu. Ja iesp\u0113jams, novietojiet podi\u0146u uz sild\u012b\u0161anas spilvena, kas uztur 75 l\u012bdz 80 gr\u0101dus. Sak\u0146o\u0161an\u0101s notiks 1 l\u012bdz 2 m\u0113ne\u0161u laik\u0101. P\u0101rst\u0101diet iesak\u0146oju\u0161os spraude\u0146us ceturtda\u013cas lieluma podos, l\u012bdz esat gatavi tos st\u0101d\u012bt \u0101r\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

R\u016bp\u012bgi izv\u0113lieties st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas vietu. V\u0113s\u0101kos apgabalos lab\u0101ka aug\u013cu ra\u017ea ir iesp\u0113jami silt\u0101k\u0101 viet\u0101. Audz\u0113t\u0101ji parasti st\u0101da tuvu \u0113kas dienvidu vai dienvidaustrumu pusei, v\u0113lams, no akmens vai \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ciem, lai samazin\u0101tu ziemas v\u0113ja iedarb\u012bbu un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu mikroklimatu.\n<\/p>\n

Izrokiet tr\u012bs reizes liel\u0101ku bedri nek\u0101 augs — vismaz 2 l\u012bdz 3 p\u0113das diametr\u0101 un 1 l\u012bdz 2 p\u0113das dzi\u013cum\u0101. Uzlabojiet augsni ar vienu vai diviem maisiem k\u016btsm\u0113slu un pirms st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas ar l\u0101pstu samaisiet tos bedr\u0113. Pirms st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas un p\u0113c tam, kad esat pabeigu\u0161i st\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu, bedri labi aplaistiet.\n<\/p>\n

Br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bga \u0161\u0137irne
\n<\/h2>\n
<\/figure>\n

Pirmie gran\u0101t\u0101boli, kas izauga Amerikas zem\u0113, visticam\u0101k, bija st\u0101di, kas iest\u0101d\u012bti sp\u0101\u0146u misij\u0101s p\u0113c 16. gadsimta vidus. \u0160ie st\u0101di ar laiku non\u0101ca Kalifornij\u0101. Ta\u010du agr\u012bnajos m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumos uzs\u0101kt gran\u0101t\u0101bolu ra\u017eo\u0161anu Kalifornij\u0101 tos liel\u0101koties izmeta mal\u0101, lai aizst\u0101tu ar selekcion\u0113tiem hibr\u012bdiem, piem\u0113ram, \"Wonderful\"’.\n<\/p>\n

Viens no komerci\u0101li veiksm\u012bg\u0101kajiem m\u016bsdien\u0101s audz\u0113tajiem \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m, ‘Wonderful’ nosaka Amerikas gran\u0101t\u0101bolu nozari un ir praktiski monopolists p\u0101r vis\u0101m cit\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m. Daudzi t\u0101 mazie konkurenti, piem\u0113ram, ‘Early Wonderful’ un ‘Granada’, faktiski ir t\u0101 sporta \u0161\u0137irnes.\n<\/p>\n

Prec\u012bza inform\u0101cija par ‘Wonderful’ dzim\u0161anu nav zin\u0101ma, bet pirmo reizi t\u0101 par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s aug\u013cu hibr\u012bdizdev\u0113ju J. T. un F. E. Bearss audz\u0113tav\u0101 Portervil\u0101, Kalifornij\u0101. B\u0113rsji r\u012bkoja pla\u0161u m\u0101rketinga kampa\u0146u par savu daudzsolo\u0161o st\u0101du. Vi\u0146i 1894. gad\u0101 izs\u016bt\u012bja ‘Wonderful’ ikvienam, kur\u0161 piekrita to reklam\u0113t. Kultiv\u0101rs sa\u0146\u0113ma Amerikas Pomolo\u0123ijas biedr\u012bbas, Kalifornijas \u0161tata D\u0101rzkop\u012bbas padomes sekret\u0101ra un Atlantas izst\u0101des, kas to apbalvoja ar zelta meda\u013cu, apstiprin\u0101jumu. Par to, ka \u0161\u0137irne ir k\u013cuvusi par starptautisku z\u012bmolu, liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 j\u0101pateicas Losand\u017eelosas uz\u0146\u0113mumam POM Wonderful, kas \u0161o nosaukumu pie\u0146\u0113ma 2002. gad\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

\"Wonderful’\" pievilc\u012bbu nosaka to \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu kopums, kas reti sastopamas vien\u0101 \u0161\u0137irn\u0113 — sp\u0113c\u012bga aug\u0161ana; stabila un bag\u0101t\u012bga ra\u017ea; sabalans\u0113ta saldsk\u0101ba gar\u0161a un arom\u0101ts; vid\u0113ji m\u012bkstas s\u0113klas ar sal\u012bdzino\u0161i biezu m\u012bkstuma sl\u0101ni; aug\u013ca un kauli\u0146a attiec\u012bba pret kauli\u0146u; augstas kvalit\u0101tes sula; miza, kas ir iztur\u012bga pret \u0161\u0137el\u0161anos, un ilgs glab\u0101\u0161anas laiks. Sal\u012bdzino\u0161ie p\u0113t\u012bjumi ar\u012b liecina, ka gran\u0101t\u0101bolu s\u0113klu svars un antioksidantu aktivit\u0101te ir vieni no augst\u0101kajiem no visiem gran\u0101t\u0101boliem.\n<\/p>\n

Galvenais br\u012bdin\u0101jums par ‘Wonderful’ ir tas, ka 8. vai zem\u0101k\u0101 zon\u0101 tai nepiecie\u0161ama \u012bpa\u0161a ziemas kop\u0161ana. Da\u017eos izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumos ir ar\u012b konstat\u0113ts, ka citas \u0161\u0137irnes ir piem\u0113rot\u0101kas mitr\u0101kiem dienvidu apgabaliem.\n<\/p>\n

Levin hibr\u012bdi
\n<\/h2>\n

40 gadus padomju bot\u0101ni\u0137is Gregorijs Levins vad\u012bja pasaul\u0113 liel\u0101k\u0101s gran\u0101t\u0101bolu kolekcijas veido\u0161anu, kur\u0101 ir 1117 da\u017e\u0101du \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u. Papildus b\u012bstamiem p\u0101rg\u0101jieniem cauri tuksne\u0161iem un kalniem, mekl\u0113jot savva\u013cas gran\u0101t\u0101bolus, Levins veica augu hibridiz\u0101ciju. Starp vi\u0146a hibr\u012bdiem visaugst\u0101k nov\u0113rt\u0113t\u0101kajiem ir ‘Salavatski’ un ‘Parfianka.’\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

‘Salavatski’ Austrumu piekrast\u0113 ir ieguvu\u0161i reput\u0101ciju, jo to gar\u0161a ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101ma ar ‘Wonderful’ un tie ir \u013coti iztur\u012bgi pret mitrumu un aukstumu. \u0160o \u0161\u0137irni var audz\u0113t blakus siltumu absorb\u0113jo\u0161ai sienai vismaz l\u012bdz pat Allentown, Pensilv\u0101nijas \u0161tat\u0101 (6.a l\u012bdz 6.b zona), un liel\u0101ko da\u013cu ziemas t\u0101 var p\u0101rciest virs zemes bez papildu aizsardz\u012bbas. ‘Salavatski’ ir guvusi labus rezult\u0101tus ar\u012b komerci\u0101lajos izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumos Florid\u0101 un D\u017eord\u017eij\u0101, un ieguva lielisku nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu Levina gar\u0161as testos.\n<\/p>\n

‘Parfianka’ bija Levina pa\u0161a iecien\u012bt\u0101k\u0101 \u0161\u0137irne, un ASV Lauksaimniec\u012bbas departamenta p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 par \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m ar komerci\u0101lu potenci\u0101lu t\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma augst\u0101ko nov\u0113rt\u0113jumu. P\u0113t\u012bjuma l\u012bdzautors D\u017eons Preiss (John Preece) uzskata, ka daudzi cilv\u0113ki dotu priek\u0161roku ‘Parfianka’, nevis ‘Wonderful’, jo tai ir m\u012bkst\u0101kas s\u0113klas un liel\u0101ka aukstumiztur\u012bba.\n<\/p>\n

Jap\u0101\u0146u divklik\u0161\u0137ainais zieds
\n<\/h2>\n

Visi gran\u0101t\u0101boli ir dekorat\u012bvi, ta\u010du jap\u0101\u0146u hibr\u012bdisti ir liku\u0161i uzsvaru uz ziedu formu un kr\u0101su. Vi\u0146u sasniegumu vid\u016b ir ziedi, kas p\u0113c formas l\u012bdzin\u0101s roz\u0113m, peonij\u0101m un diant\u0113m, k\u0101 ar\u012b baltas, roz\u0101, sarkanas un oran\u017eas kr\u0101sas daudzveid\u012bgas formas. Kalifornij\u0101 un Florid\u0101 tiek p\u0113t\u012bti da\u017ei no turpm\u0101k min\u0113tajiem \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u hibr\u012bdiem, lai tos izmantotu ziedu industrij\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

‘Haku Botan’ ir vispopul\u0101r\u0101kais, un t\u0101 ziedi ir balti, dubultie k\u0101 vecas d\u0101rza rozes. Turkl\u0101t tai ir ar\u012b komerci\u0101ls potenci\u0101ls, jo t\u0101 dro\u0161i ra\u017eo bag\u0101t\u012bgus aug\u013cus. Zieme\u013crietumos audz\u0113t\u0101ji zi\u0146o par pan\u0101kumiem ar \u0161o \u0161\u0137irni.\n<\/p>\n

‘Ki Zakura’ ir kr\u0101\u0161\u0146s zieds ar raibiem oran\u017eiem ziediem, kas l\u012bdzin\u0101s ne\u013c\u0137u ziediem. \u0160\u012b \u0161\u0137irne ra\u017eo nelielus, \u0113damus dzeltenus aug\u013cus.\n<\/p>\n

‘Toryu Shibori’ \u013coti atg\u0101dina ceturtda\u013cveida rozi ar apriko\u017eu kr\u0101sas ziediem, kas p\u0101raug lielos aug\u013cos.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Zieme\u013camerikas v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101s viet\u0101s pla\u0161i audz\u0113 ar\u012b divziedu \u0161\u0137irnes, kas, iesp\u0113jams, ir saikne ar sen\u0101k\u0101m koloni\u0101lisma trad\u012bcij\u0101m austrumu piekrast\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

Pundurkult\u016bras
\n<\/h2>\n
<\/figure>\n

‘Nana’ un citi pundurgraun\u0101\u010di labi izskat\u0101s pu\u0137u st\u0101d\u012bjumos un ir lieliski bonsai. Aukst\u0101s viet\u0101s tos var audz\u0113t t\u0101pat k\u0101 citus daudzgad\u012bgos augus, kas katru gadu atmirst — tos vienk\u0101r\u0161i apgrie\u017e l\u012bdz zemei. Tie joproj\u0101m zied\u0113s un, ja sezona b\u016bs pietiekami gara, ar\u012b ra\u017eos aug\u013cus. Silt\u0101kos apvidos pundurugran\u0101ti veidos lielisku dz\u012bv\u017eogu.\n<\/p>\n

Bend\u017eamins Vitakrs (Benjamin Whitacre) sav\u0101 7a zonas d\u0101rz\u0101 Vird\u017e\u012bnijas centr\u0101laj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 audz\u0113 gran\u0101t\u0101bolus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lab\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 nov\u0113rt\u0113t ogu, ko da\u017e\u0101s kult\u016br\u0101s d\u0113v\u0113 par parad\u012bzes augli, ir to nogar\u0161ot. Gran\u0101t\u0101bolu arom\u0101ta profils, kur\u0101 ir l\u012bdz pat 83 arom\u0101tisk\u0101m not\u012bm, apvieno Konkordas v\u012bnogu s\u012brupaino saldumu, dz\u0113rve\u0146u atsvaidzino\u0161o s\u012bvumu un citronu atv\u0113sino\u0161o gar\u0161u. Katrs kumoss ir k\u0101 tapioka. Visvienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 to izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t pa\u0161am? Audz\u0113jot gran\u0101t\u0101bolu kokus. Jaun\u0101kie p\u0113t\u012bjumi apstiprina v\u0113sturiskos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-fruits"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81039\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}