D\u0101rzkopji v\u0113las, lai m\u0101jas ainava barotu un veicin\u0101tu savva\u013cas dz\u012bvniekus. Ta\u010du vi\u0146i v\u0113las ar\u012b skaistumu, vietu b\u0113rnu rota\u013c\u0101m, priv\u0101tumu un varb\u016bt pat d\u0101rze\u0146u d\u0101rzu. Protams, tas ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts uzdevums, bet \"Dz\u012bv\u0101 ainava\" par\u0101da, k\u0101 to paveikt. \u0160is ir fragments no 5. noda\u013cas “Sl\u0101\u0146u pielieto\u0161ana m\u0101jas d\u0101rz\u0101.”\n<\/p>\n
Ieg\u0101d\u0101jieties \u0161o gr\u0101matu no MOTHER EARTH NEWS veikala: Dz\u012bv\u0101 ainava.\n<\/p>\n
Kas pie\u0161\u0137ir ainavai dz\u012bv\u012bbu? D\u0101rzkop\u012bba ir unik\u0101la starp m\u0101ksl\u0101m, jo t\u0101s pamatmateri\u0101li ir burtiski dz\u012bvi, bet vai d\u0101rzi ir tikai skaisti dz\u012bvu objektu izk\u0101rtojumi? Pieaugo\u0161\u0101 izpratne par pla\u0161u vides attiec\u012bbu spektru liek dom\u0101t, ka tradicion\u0101l\u0101 uz priek\u0161metiem orient\u0113t\u0101 pieeja d\u0101rzu veido\u0161an\u0101 nesp\u0113j m\u016bs vad\u012bt, veidojot un kopjot patiesi ilgtsp\u0113j\u012bgas ainavas. Izmantojot ekolo\u0123ijas zin\u0101tnes un kult\u016bras studiju inform\u0101ciju, mums ir iesp\u0113ja pie\u0146emt jaunu \u0113tiku, kas ieskic\u0113 m\u016bsdien\u012bgu iek\u013caujo\u0161as dz\u012bvotnes recepti: \u0113tiku, kas aptver m\u016bsu pasaules main\u012bgo dinamiku, vienlaikus atz\u012bstot nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu aizsarg\u0101t un saglab\u0101t to, kas ir vit\u0101li svar\u012bgs un neaizst\u0101jams.\n<\/p>\n
M\u0113s varam veicin\u0101t intens\u012bvi lok\u0101lu pieeju dizainam, kas vienlaikus apzin\u0101s glob\u0101lo realit\u0101ti, saprotot, ka pat m\u016bsu pietic\u012bg\u0101kajos un nepiecie\u0161am\u0101kajos ce\u013cojumos var izmantot univers\u0101lu ainavas p\u0101rvald\u012bbas valodu. Augi vienm\u0113r b\u016bs d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas pamat\u0101, bet t\u0101 viet\u0101, lai s\u0101ktu ar objektu kopumu, m\u0113s varam s\u0101kt ar m\u0113r\u0137u kopumu, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu, ka ainavas, kur\u0101s m\u0113s dz\u012bvojam, ir skaisti daudzsl\u0101\u0146ainas, biolo\u0123iski daudzveid\u012bgas un pla\u0161i funkcion\u0101las.\n<\/p>\n
Nebaidieties pras\u012bt d\u0101rzam daudz. Ar nelielu p\u0101rdomu un pietic\u012bg\u0101m r\u016bp\u0113m d\u0101rz\u0101 var b\u016bt daudz kas, pat t\u0101ds, kas var \u0161\u0137ist nesader\u012bgs vai pretrun\u012bgs. Piem\u0113ram, labam d\u0101rzam j\u0101b\u016bt praktiskam. Tam nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 kop\u0161ana ir j\u0101saska\u0146o ar m\u016bsu sp\u0113j\u0101m, tom\u0113r tam ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina b\u016btiskas vajadz\u012bbas, kas main\u0101s l\u012bdz ar d\u0101rzkopju vajadz\u012bb\u0101m: dro\u0161a virsma, pa kuru staig\u0101t, skriet, s\u0113d\u0113t vai sp\u0113l\u0113ties; patv\u0113rums no v\u0113tr\u0101m; v\u0113sa vieta vasar\u0101 un, iesp\u0113jams, silta vieta ziem\u0101. Ta\u010du tas pats d\u0101rzs var b\u016bt ar\u012b jutekliska vieta, kas dz\u012bves ikdien\u0101 sniedz daudzveid\u012bgu baud\u012bjumu: kr\u0101sas, tekst\u016bra, smar\u017eas, \u0101ra \u0113damistaba, putnu dziesmas no r\u012bta un, iesp\u0113jams, p\u012b\u013cu koris nakt\u012b.\n<\/p>\n
K\u0101 1996. gad\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bja Deivids \u0100brams, \"juteklisk\u0101 pasaule vienm\u0113r ir lok\u0101la\".Liela da\u013ca no viet\u0113jo ainavu jutekliskuma, pla\u0161uma un skaistuma izriet no sen izveidoju\u0161\u0101s asoci\u0101cijas starp floru un faunu, ta\u010du to b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b viet\u0113j\u0101 un glob\u0101l\u0101 kult\u016bra. Par laimi, biolo\u0123isko un kult\u016bras ainavu no\u0161\u0137irt\u012bba samazin\u0101s. D\u0101rzam, kas velt\u012bts unik\u0101las ekosist\u0113mas saglab\u0101\u0161anai, nav j\u0101izdz\u0113\u0161 cilv\u0113ces v\u0113stures da\u013ca, kas saglab\u0101jusies t\u0101 vid\u016b, t\u0101pat k\u0101 ainavai, kas velt\u012bta cilv\u0113ka m\u0101kslinieciskam darbam, nav j\u0101ignor\u0113 ekolo\u0123isk\u0101s bag\u0101t\u012bbas vit\u0101li svar\u012bgais atlikums t\u0101s robe\u017e\u0101s.\n<\/p>\n
Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, k\u0101ds ir d\u0101rza lielums, labi veidots d\u0101rzs var b\u016bt gan int\u012bms, gan pla\u0161s. Tas var ietvert gan int\u012bmas telpas, kas rosina nov\u0113rt\u0113t bezgal\u012bgas deta\u013cas, gan ar\u012b uz \u0101ru v\u0113rstas telpas, kas v\u0113rstas uz bezgal\u012bgu pla\u0161umu apceri. Int\u012bm\u0101 telpa var b\u016bt tik pietic\u012bga k\u0101 st\u016br\u012btis, ko nosaka bag\u0101t\u012bgi izkl\u0101ta ve\u0123et\u0101cija. Pla\u0161a telpa var\u0113tu b\u016bt vienk\u0101r\u0161i veikli novietots soli\u0146\u0161, no kura paveras br\u012bni\u0161\u0137\u012bgs skats uz debes\u012bm caur logu kupol\u0101.\n<\/p>\n
Uzticam\u012bba un spontanit\u0101te var \u0161\u0137ist pret\u0113jas lietas, ta\u010du tas nav oblig\u0101ti. Iedvesmojo\u0161s dizains var pied\u0101v\u0101t abus. Mums j\u0101b\u016bt iesp\u0113jai pa\u013cauties uz to, ka d\u0101rzs daudzas konkr\u0113tas lietas paveiks laic\u012bgi un dro\u0161i, bet katru reizi, kad m\u0113s taj\u0101 atgrie\u017eamies, taj\u0101 j\u0101b\u016bt k\u0101dam nejau\u0161\u012bbas elementam, k\u0101dam apburo\u0161am notikumam vai notikumam, ko m\u0113s nekad neb\u016btu var\u0113ju\u0161i paredz\u0113t.\n<\/p>\n
Viet\u0113j\u0101 ainava ir ietekm\u012bg\u0101k\u0101, jo m\u0113s taj\u0101 pavad\u0101m visvair\u0101k laika. T\u0101 k\u0101 t\u0101 ir tik tuvu, dz\u012bvojamo m\u0101ju d\u0101rzs ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101k\u0101 viet\u0113j\u0101 ainava. \u0160o iemeslu d\u0113\u013c divas b\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101s d\u0101rza \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas ir t\u0101s, ka d\u0101rz\u0101 var staig\u0101t un to var v\u0113rot. Tam j\u0101pied\u0101v\u0101 praktiski celi\u0146i, jutekliskie celi\u0146i un da\u017e\u0101di citi mar\u0161ruti, pa kuriem nok\u013c\u016bt tur, kur mums nepiecie\u0161ams. Vienlaikus \u0161iem ce\u013ciem ir j\u0101provoc\u0113 m\u016bs uzman\u012bg\u0101k v\u0113rot, uzdot vair\u0101k jaut\u0101jumu un p\u0101rdom\u0101t savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012btu procesu dinamisko skaistumu.\n<\/p>\n
D\u0101rzi bie\u017ei vien ir paredz\u0113ti, lai sniegtu mums patv\u0113rumu - personisku vietu prom no p\u016b\u013ciem, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 neskait\u0101mas individu\u0101l\u0101s izpausmes iesp\u0113jas. Person\u012bgais d\u0101rzs vai ainava ir vieta, kur m\u0113s varam izst\u0101st\u012bt savu st\u0101stu sav\u0101 veid\u0101. Tas var sniegt p\u0101rliec\u012bbu un pied\u0101v\u0101t jaunas atzi\u0146as, pat ja m\u0113s esam vien\u012bgie klaus\u012bt\u0101ji. Cit\u0101 dien\u0101 vai cit\u0101 noska\u0146ojum\u0101 tas pats d\u0101rzs var b\u016bt visdz\u012bv\u0101kais, kad m\u0113s aicin\u0101m citus dal\u012bties taj\u0101 ar mums: rea\u0123\u0113t uz to, baud\u012bt to un atrast taj\u0101 jaunas noz\u012bmes. Ja dal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s p\u0101rsniedz cilv\u0113ka kl\u0101tb\u016btni, d\u0101rzs pal\u012bdz uztur\u0113t daudzas dz\u012bv\u012bbas formas, un t\u0101s savuk\u0101rt pal\u012bdz uztur\u0113t m\u016bs visus.\n<\/p>\n
Neviens aspekts neietekm\u0113 d\u0101rza uztveri t\u0101, k\u0101 t\u0101 telpu kvalit\u0101te un iek\u0101rtojums. Starp neierobe\u017eotaj\u0101m iesp\u0113j\u0101m d\u0101rza telpas var kalpot k\u0101 \u0101ra dz\u012bvojam\u0101s istabas, \u0113damistabas, rota\u013cu laukumi, peldvietas vai peldvietas, skatuves, nojumes, muzeji, savva\u013cas dz\u012bvnieku dz\u012bvotnes, darbn\u012bcas, kokaudz\u0113tavas vai p\u0101rtikas ra\u017eo\u0161anas zonas. Labi veidotas d\u0101rza telpas pied\u0101v\u0101 dz\u012bves pieredzi, kas nav sal\u012bdzin\u0101ma ar iek\u0161telpu arhitekt\u016bru. T\u0101pat k\u0101 jebkur\u0101 cit\u0101 arhitekt\u016br\u0101, ar\u012b \u0161eit izmantoto materi\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 rezult\u0101tu raksturu, un ar\u012b attiec\u012bbas starp telp\u0101m un celi\u0146iem, kas t\u0101s savieno, ir neat\u0146emama to pan\u0101kumu sast\u0101vda\u013ca.\n<\/p>\n
L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 \u0113ku arhitekt\u016br\u0101, ar\u012b ainavu arhitekt\u016br\u0101 celi\u0146u un telpu veido\u0161an\u0101 parasti tiek izmantoti galvenok\u0101rt cieti materi\u0101li - m\u016br\u0113ti \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ci un akmens, fl\u012bzes, koks, met\u0101ls un stikls, un, lai tos piel\u0101gotu ainavai, parasti tiek veikta pla\u0161a p\u0101rgrup\u0113\u0161ana. \u0160\u0101da pieeja ir gan d\u0101rga, gan iztur\u012bga, ta\u010du ir ar\u012b papildu izmaksas, kas saist\u012btas ar cieto ainavu ilgm\u016b\u017e\u012bbu. Ciet\u0101s konstrukcijas ir ilgm\u016b\u017e\u012bgas un statiskas: t\u0101s uzticami dara to, ko dara, bet t\u0101m piem\u012bt maza spontanit\u0101tes sp\u0113ja.\n<\/p>\n
Iesp\u0113jams, v\u0113l svar\u012bg\u0101ka ir cieto konstrukciju relat\u012bv\u0101 nemain\u012bba. Tos ir gr\u016bti un d\u0101rgi main\u012bt vai piel\u0101got main\u012bgajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem ainav\u0101 vai iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju dz\u012bves ritm\u0101. Da\u017ek\u0101rt cietie projekti ir vien\u012bgais praktiskais arhitektoniskais risin\u0101jums nepiecie\u0161amaj\u0101m ainavas funkcij\u0101m; tom\u0113r daudz\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s ir ar\u012b maig\u0101ka, izdomas bag\u0101t\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja, proti, telpas veido\u0161an\u0101 galvenok\u0101rt pa\u013cauties uz burtiski organisko arhitekt\u016bru—augiem—un to, ka telpas veido\u0161an\u0101 ir j\u0101balst\u0101s uz organisko arhitekt\u016bru.\n<\/p>\n
V\u0101rds \"organisks\" var attiekties uz materi\u0101liem, kas sast\u0101v galvenok\u0101rt no oglek\u013ca, piem\u0113ram, augiem. To lieto ar\u012b (pirmo reizi un, iesp\u0113jams, vispaz\u012bstam\u0101k 1954. gad\u0101 Frenks Loids Raits (Frank Lloyd Wright) darb\u0101 \"Dabas m\u0101ja\"), lai apz\u012bm\u0113tu nedz\u012bvas lietas, piem\u0113ram, arhitekt\u016bru, kas ir veidotas vai att\u012bst\u012bju\u0161\u0101s t\u0101, lai atdarin\u0101tu dz\u012bvo organismu aug\u0161anas formas, mode\u013cus un procesus.\n<\/p>\n
Telpu veido\u0161ana ar patiesi organisku arhitekt\u016bru sniedz daudz priek\u0161roc\u012bbu. Telpas, kas veidotas no augiem, ir bezgal\u012bgi main\u0101mas. T\u0101s un ejas starp t\u0101m var veidot un p\u0101rveidot mazos so\u013cos vai ar dramatiskiem \u017eestiem, maks\u0101jot tikai da\u013cu no cieto materi\u0101lu izmaks\u0101m. Telpas, kas veidotas no augiem, p\u0113c b\u016bt\u012bbas ir evolucion\u0101ras un rea\u0123\u0113jo\u0161as, jo dz\u012bvie materi\u0101li, kas t\u0101s veido, past\u0101v\u012bgi rea\u0123\u0113 uz main\u012bgajiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, notikumiem un gadalaikiem. Iesp\u0113jams, vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais ir tas, ka pa\u013cau\u0161an\u0101s uz organisko arhitekt\u016bru noz\u012bm\u0113, ka liel\u0101ka da\u013ca d\u0101rza b\u016bs veidota no augiem. Ja v\u0113lamies, lai dz\u012bvojamo ainavu noz\u012bme floras un faunas daudzveid\u012bbas saglab\u0101\u0161an\u0101 pieaugtu, p\u0113d\u0113jais punkts ir b\u016btisks.\n<\/p>\n
Lai gan mums sag\u0101d\u0101 lielu prieku v\u0113rot putnus m\u016bsu m\u0101jas ainav\u0101, m\u016bsu m\u0113r\u0137is ir bijis, lai ainava sniegtu putniem pietiekami daudz bar\u012bbas, lai mums neb\u016btu nepiecie\u0161amas barotavas. Tom\u0113r, t\u0101 k\u0101 m\u016bsu \u012bpa\u0161ums ir sam\u0113r\u0101 augsts un sauss, un taj\u0101 nav dabiska \u016bdens, m\u0113s nol\u0113m\u0101m, ka nodro\u0161in\u0101sim putniem dzirdin\u0101\u0161anas un peld\u0113\u0161an\u0101s vietu.\n<\/p>\n
T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai ieg\u0101d\u0101tos kaut ko visp\u0101r\u012bgu, es s\u0101ku ar lielu akmeni no viet\u0113j\u0101 karjera. Uzliekot aizsargbrilles, es ar r\u016bd\u012btu urbi izurbin\u0101ju aptuveni 2 collas dzi\u013cu apli. P\u0113c tam ar aukstu kaltu un \u0101muru aplis tika izrak\u0146\u0101ts, radot pat\u012bkamu fakt\u016bru.\n<\/p>\n
Svaigi piepild\u012bto peldvietu un dzeramo akmeni novietoj\u0101m z\u0101laugu sl\u0101\u0146a vid\u016b, kur jau iepriek\u0161 bija izveidojies kan\u0113\u013cain\u0101s papardes (Osmunda cinnamomea), balt\u0101s me\u017ea asteres (Aster divaricatus), me\u017ea savva\u013cas auzas (Chasmanthium latifolium) mais\u012bjums. M\u0113s pa\u013c\u0101v\u0101mies, ka \u0161ie un tuvum\u0101 augo\u0161ie kr\u016bmi un koki nodro\u0161in\u0101s pietiekamu segumu, lai putni var\u0113tu dro\u0161i izmantot akme\u0146u vannu.\n<\/p>\n
Akmens ir strat\u0113\u0123iski novietots takas st\u016br\u012b prom no m\u0101jas, bet redzams no div\u0101m iecien\u012bt\u0101kaj\u0101m atp\u016btas viet\u0101m. Kamens tiek nep\u0101rtraukti izmantots, kam\u0113r vien tas ir pilns ar \u016bdeni. Decembra s\u0101kum\u0101 (att\u0113ls aug\u0161pus\u0113 pa labi) melnkakla p\u012bl\u0113ns izmanto \u0161o peldvietu. —RD\n<\/p>\n
\u0145emts no The Living Landscape © Copyright 2014 by Rick Darke and Doug Tallamy. Izdevniec\u012bba Timber Press, Portland, OR. Izmantots ar izdev\u0113ja at\u013cauju. Visas ties\u012bbas aizsarg\u0101tas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u0101rzkopji v\u0113las, lai m\u0101jas ainava barotu un veicin\u0101tu savva\u013cas dz\u012bvniekus. Ta\u010du vi\u0146i v\u0113las ar\u012b skaistumu, vietu b\u0113rnu rota\u013c\u0101m, priv\u0101tumu un varb\u016bt pat d\u0101rze\u0146u d\u0101rzu. Protams, tas ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts uzdevums, bet \"Dz\u012bv\u0101 ainava\" par\u0101da, k\u0101 to paveikt. \u0160is ir fragments no 5. noda\u013cas “Sl\u0101\u0146u pielieto\u0161ana m\u0101jas d\u0101rz\u0101.” Ieg\u0101d\u0101jieties \u0161o gr\u0101matu no MOTHER EARTH NEWS veikala: Dz\u012bv\u0101 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-ornamentals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80545"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80545\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}