Konop\u00ed: Clarke a Mark Merlin jsou komplexn\u00edm interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho p\u016fvodu a ran\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje t\u00e9to slavn\u00e9 rostliny, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jej\u00ed historickou roli ve v\u00fdvoji lidsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Tato \u010d\u00e1st poch\u00e1z\u00ed z kapitoly “Kulturn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konop\u00ed”.\n<\/p>\n
Na konci druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed a v jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed pro\u0161la produkce konop\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 budou i v dohledn\u00e9 budoucnosti ur\u010dovat v\u00fdvoj a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konop\u00ed i marihuany. St\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed za p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed drogy Cannabis v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch bylo spojeno se st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi tresty a tajn\u00ed p\u011bstitel\u00e9 p\u0159esunuli sv\u00e9 plodiny do vnit\u0159n\u00edch prostor v um\u011bl\u00fdch p\u011bstebn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, aby se vyhnuli odhalen\u00ed ze strany org\u00e1n\u016f \u010dinn\u00fdch v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b z\u00edskalo pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 konop\u00ed v mnoha jurisdikc\u00edch obnoven\u00fd leg\u00e1ln\u00ed status; v d\u016fsledku toho se v Evrop\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo komer\u010dn\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken a semen, v Kanad\u011b a na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu byla zah\u00e1jena produkce semen a na mnoha m\u00edstech byly zah\u00e1jeny poln\u00ed pokusy a \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 projekty konop\u00ed. Asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010c\u00edna, rovn\u011b\u017e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily produkci konop\u00ed, aby uspokojily zv\u00fd\u0161enou popt\u00e1vku z\u00e1padn\u00edho trhu. Nov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho konop\u00ed na vl\u00e1kno a osivo jsou vyv\u00edjeny s vyu\u017eit\u00edm mezidruhov\u00fdch hybrid\u016f mezi C. sativa ssp. sativa NLH a C. indica ssp. chinenesis BLH se z\u00e1m\u011brem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it oblast produkce pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho konop\u00ed do rovn\u00edkov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde sou\u010dasn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 kultivary NLH dob\u0159e nerostou. \u0160lecht\u011bn\u00ed konop\u00ed pro l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely se zam\u011b\u0159ilo na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed obsahu THC a dal\u0161\u00edch kanabinoid\u016f a na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 terpenoidn\u00ed profily. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, p\u0159esto\u017ee se staly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm dovozcem konopn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna a produkt\u016f ze semen, se st\u00e1le br\u00e1n\u00ed legalizaci p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho konop\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto trendy jsou d\u016fsledkem zm\u011bn v legalizaci konop\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e restriktivn\u00edch, nebo podp\u016frn\u00fdch, v z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech. Jednalo se jak o zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f s c\u00edlem omezit neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobu drog, tak o p\u0159ijet\u00ed konop\u00ed jako \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 plodiny a n\u00e1slednou zm\u011bnu vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch protidrogov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Severoamerick\u00e9 a evropsk\u00e9 odr\u016fdy sinsemilly BLD × NLD se dnes b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u011bstuj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b Austr\u00e1lie a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Modern\u00ed hybridy a ciz\u00ed krajov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy se \u010dasto dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do venkovsk\u00fdch agr\u00e1rn\u00edch kultur v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kde zem\u011bd\u011blci kdysi p\u011bstovali sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed krajov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy pro v\u00fdrobu vl\u00e1ken a drog, a v posledn\u00edch letech se hybridn\u00ed osivo vyroben\u00e9 v Severn\u00ed Americe a Evrop\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u011bstuje v tradi\u010dn\u00edch zem\u00edch produkuj\u00edc\u00edch marihuanu a ha\u0161i\u0161 (nap\u0159. v Mexiku, Maroku, Nep\u00e1lu, na Jamajce, v Kolumbii a Thajsku). Tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, stejn\u011b jako p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b vybran\u00fdch hybridn\u00edch odr\u016fd pod st\u0159echou p\u0159i um\u011bl\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed, se bude s roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm trhu s vysoce kvalitn\u00ed marihuanou a ha\u0161i\u0161em celosv\u011btov\u011b nad\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ovat. S t\u00edm, jak se exotick\u00e1 semena st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do komer\u010dn\u00edch p\u011bstitelsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed introdukovan\u00fdch odr\u016fd se zaveden\u00fdmi tradi\u010dn\u00edmi odr\u016fdami. V d\u016fsledku toho jsou geneticky \u010dist\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed odr\u016fdy kontaminov\u00e1ny zavle\u010den\u00fdmi geny a vym\u00edraj\u00ed. A\u010dkoli konop\u00ed jako celek prosperuje po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a zdaleka nevyhynulo, ztratili jsme velkou \u010d\u00e1st genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti ze 70. a 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byly krajov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u011bstov\u00e1ny tradi\u010dn\u00edmi agr\u00e1rn\u00edmi kulturami na izolovan\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch a kdy doch\u00e1zelo k \u010dast\u00fdm introdukc\u00edm nov\u00fdch semen ze zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na Z\u00e1pad. Na opl\u00e1tku z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u0161lechtitel\u00e9 semen (prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u011bstitel\u016f marihuany a pa\u0161er\u00e1k\u016f) zav\u00e1d\u011bli sv\u00e9 “vylep\u0161en\u00e9” hybridn\u00ed odr\u016fdy do tradi\u010dn\u00edch kultur p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed a nev\u011bdomky tak napom\u00e1hali vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch obl\u00edben\u00fdch landrace odr\u016fd.\n<\/p>\n
V sou\u010dasnosti se marihuana p\u011bstuje nej\u010dast\u011bji ve sklen\u00edc\u00edch a p\u0159i um\u011bl\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed z vegetativn\u011b mno\u017een\u00fdch hybridn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzk\u016f BLD × NLD a semena se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka, s v\u00fdjimkou p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzk\u016f. To omezuje zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm selektivn\u00edho \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee semena se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nebo produkuj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka, v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e se zastavuje pohlavn\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a evoluce se zastavuje nebo rozhodn\u011b dramaticky zpomaluje. \u0160lechtitel\u00e9 sinsemilly v\u0161ak pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji \u010dasn\u011b zraj\u00edc\u00edch a vysoce v\u00fdnosn\u00fdch odr\u016fd, kter\u00e9 jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a kompaktn\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v p\u011bst\u00edrn\u00e1ch a pro zamezen\u00ed odhalen\u00ed venku. Od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed se p\u011bstuje indoor marihuana sinsemilla pro \u00fadajn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, proto\u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed jurisdikce v Severn\u00ed Americe a Evrop\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 konop\u00ed jako samostatnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost odd\u011blenou od rekrea\u010dn\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed legislativu. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vegetativn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00fdch klon\u016f do um\u011bl\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed b\u011bhem 6. f\u00e1ze roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo rozsah p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed Cannabis’do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde jsou snadno dostupn\u00e9 voda, elekt\u0159ina, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 vstupy a soukrom\u00ed. T\u00edm se nakonec alespo\u0148 n\u011bkter\u00e9 drogov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy Cannabis dostaly do stavu pln\u00e9 domestikace, a tedy \u00fapln\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na \u010dlov\u011bku, pokud jde o jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. To tak\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zt\u00ed\u017eilo kontrolu neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce drogov\u00e9ho konop\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o konop\u00ed: Konop\u00ed: evoluce a etnobotanika:\n<\/p>\n
V\u00fd\u0148atek z knihy Cannabis: (2016) od Roberta Clarkea a Marka Merlina se svolen\u00edm University of California Press.\n<\/p>\n
Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed video: Z\u00edskejte povolen\u00ed pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 konop\u00ed\n<\/p>\n
P\u0159ihlaste se k odb\u011bru na\u0161eho kan\u00e1lu YouTube pro dal\u0161\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00e1 videa.\n<\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Konop\u00ed: Clarke a Mark Merlin jsou komplexn\u00edm interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho p\u016fvodu a ran\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje t\u00e9to slavn\u00e9 rostliny, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jej\u00ed historickou roli ve v\u00fdvoji lidsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Tato \u010d\u00e1st poch\u00e1z\u00ed z kapitoly “Kulturn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konop\u00ed”. Na konci druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed a v jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed pro\u0161la produkce konop\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 budou i v dohledn\u00e9 budoucnosti ur\u010dovat v\u00fdvoj a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[119],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-herbs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81648\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}