{"id":81466,"date":"2023-03-07T11:15:36","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-vytvorte-si-zahradni-pudu-pridanim-dusiku-do-drevni-stepky\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:15:36","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T08:15:36","slug":"cs-vytvorte-si-zahradni-pudu-pridanim-dusiku-do-drevni-stepky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-vytvorte-si-zahradni-pudu-pridanim-dusiku-do-drevni-stepky\/","title":{"rendered":"Vytvo\u0159te si zahradn\u00ed p\u016fdu p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm dus\u00edku do d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkou a o tom, pro\u010d byste m\u011bli do d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky p\u0159id\u00e1vat dus\u00edk pro dlouhodob\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos na zahrad\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina ekologick\u00fdch zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159\u016f zjistila, \u017ee jim dob\u0159e slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vzor\u016f. Pokud jde o budov\u00e1n\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed p\u016fdy, p\u0159\u00edroda se ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na stromy — spadan\u00e9 v\u011btve, list\u00ed, \u0161i\u0161ky, semena a nakonec i mohutn\u00e9 kmeny. P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed tohoto pl\u00e1nu pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed zahradn\u00ed p\u016fdy pomoc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho mul\u010de — jako jsou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bpky, piliny nebo jin\u00e9 d\u0159evn\u00ed zbytky — je strategie, kter\u00e1 slibuje obrovsk\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 zisky.\n<\/p>\n

Ter\u00e9nn\u00ed studie z 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee strava s vysok\u00fdm obsahem vl\u00e1kniny z d\u0159evin je p\u0159esn\u011b to, co mnoh\u00e9 p\u016fdy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Shnil\u00e9 kousky d\u0159eva se dlouho udr\u017euj\u00ed jako organick\u00e1 hmota a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed schopnost p\u016fdy zadr\u017eovat \u017eiviny a vl\u00e1hu, co\u017e vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00ed \u00farod\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

Ale po\u010dkejte: d\u0159eviny obsahuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku a celul\u00f3zy, tak\u017ee k rozkladu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dus\u00edk a \u010das. Pokud tyto skute\u010dnosti ignorujete a p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1te \u010derstv\u00e9 piliny nebo d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpku p\u0159\u00edmo do p\u016fdy, tyto materi\u00e1ly na sebe nav\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st dus\u00edku a na jednu nebo dv\u011b sez\u00f3ny se stane m\u00edsto nepou\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro zahradni\u010den\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek se v\u0161ak zm\u011bn\u00ed, pokud p\u0159id\u00e1te dus\u00edk nebo \u010das. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b nov\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho jablo\u0148ov\u00e9ho sadu v severn\u00edm Maine v roce 2005 se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u010derstv\u00e1 d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka v kombinaci s krevn\u00ed mou\u010dkou (organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l s velmi vysok\u00fdm obsahem dus\u00edku s typickou anal\u00fdzou 12-0-0) a zapraven\u00e1 do horn\u00ed vrstvy p\u016fdy — plus povrchov\u00fd mul\u010d z d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky — podporuje rychl\u00fd r\u016fst strom\u016f l\u00e9pe ne\u017e t\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. A za necel\u00e9 dva roky se obsah organick\u00e9 hmoty na pozemc\u00edch vylep\u0161en\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bpkou zv\u00fd\u0161il z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nuly na 2 a\u017e 3 procenta.\n<\/p>\n

Piliny maj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed exponovanou plochu ne\u017e d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka, tak\u017ee p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010derstv\u00fdch pilin do p\u016fdy nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad ani z chemick\u00e9ho (kv\u016fli v\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed dus\u00edku), ani z fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho hlediska (sm\u011bs neudr\u017e\u00ed vodu ani za m\u00e1k). Piliny jsou v\u0161ak vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm mul\u010dem pro v\u00edcelet\u00e9 plodiny. Pokud na povrch poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e na n\u011bj nasypete \u010derstvou vrstvu, rozsypete trochu organick\u00e9ho hnojiva, dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00edho trusu nebo jin\u00e9ho zdroje dus\u00edku, jsou piliny nep\u0159ekonateln\u00fdm mul\u010dem pro bor\u016fvky, jahody a maliny a mohou dob\u0159e fungovat i pro ch\u0159est.\n<\/p>\n

Zahradn\u00ed cesty vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 novinami pokryt\u00fdmi pilinami p\u016fsob\u00ed pod nohama jako koberec. Po shnit\u00ed se piliny v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na struktu\u0159e p\u016fdy, proto\u017ee houbovit\u00e9 kousky v n\u00ed dlouho p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Obava, \u017ee d\u0159eviny okyseluj\u00ed p\u016fdu, je m\u00fdtus. Pouze v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch rozkladu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rychl\u00e9mu vyplaven\u00ed kyselin, kdy se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed rozkl\u00e1dat celul\u00f3zov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Dlouhodob\u00e9 studie \u00fa\u010dink\u016f d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky a pilin v p\u016fd\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pH p\u016fdy, co\u017e je dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va pro v\u011bt\u0161inu plodin na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zahrad. (\u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je pH, t\u00edm je p\u016fda kyselej\u0161\u00ed.)\n<\/p>\n

Mycelium Madness
\n<\/h2>\n

Ve studii o jable\u010dn\u00fdch sadech v Maine v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm pozoroval, \u017ee pozemky s d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkou byly pokryty b\u00edl\u00fdm myceliem, co\u017e je vegetativn\u00ed forma mnoha plodnicov\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e1 je obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako b\u00edl\u00e1 hniloba. V\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto hub v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9m mul\u010di zvy\u0161uje mno\u017estv\u00ed a zlep\u0161uje charakter organick\u00e9 hmoty v p\u016fd\u011b a tak\u00e9 napom\u00e1h\u00e1 schopnosti p\u016fdy’ udr\u017eet vlhkost. Obrovsk\u00e1 skupina hub zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod souhrnn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Basidiomycetes je hlavn\u00edm akt\u00e9rem rozkladu d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich produkuj\u00ed houby — jsou p\u011bkn\u00e9, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou nejsou jedl\u00e9. Tam, kde se spoj\u00ed vlhk\u00e1 d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka a p\u016fda, se tyto houby pomoc\u00ed enzym\u016f dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed k \u017eivin\u00e1m ve d\u0159ev\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou pro n\u011b zdrojem energie pro r\u016fst b\u00edl\u00fdch hyf p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch vl\u00e1kna. H\u00fdfy se spojuj\u00ed v mycelium, kter\u00e9 je dob\u0159e vid\u011bt. Krom\u011b hub je n\u011bkolik specializovan\u00fdch druh\u016f bakteri\u00ed schopno rozkl\u00e1dat materi\u00e1ly s vysok\u00fdm obsahem celul\u00f3zy, jako je d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u00ed selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed houby. Z tohoto pohledu je snadn\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpku v p\u016fd\u011b jako \u017eivotn\u00ed vor, kter\u00fd podporuje t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b p\u016fdn\u00edho \u017eivota: vl\u00e1knitou organickou hmotu samotn\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bpky, biologickou hmotu vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e1 na n\u00ed roste, a prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 bakterie, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed a odch\u00e1zej\u00ed ve vln\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Startovac\u00ed kolonie t\u011bchto mikroorganism\u016f jsou obvykle p\u0159\u00edtomny na k\u016f\u0159e \u0161t\u00edpan\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed. Tradd Cotter, mykolog a majitel spole\u010dnosti Mushroom Mountain v Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee houby p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 na d\u0159ev\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed rychle r\u016fst pot\u00e9, co bylo d\u0159evo na\u0159ez\u00e1no nebo na\u0161t\u00edp\u00e1no. Ve vlhk\u00e9m podneb\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pot\u0159eba p\u0159id\u00e1vat houbov\u00fd inokulant k nastartov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto procesu, ale Cotter \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee poskytnut\u00ed inokulantu ve form\u011b pilinov\u00e9ho pot\u011bru (piliny pokryt\u00e9 aktivn\u011b rostouc\u00edm myceliem) m\u016f\u017ee proces tvorby p\u016fdy urychlit a zlep\u0161it. Mo\u017en\u00e1’p\u0159i tom z\u00edsk\u00e1te i n\u011bjak\u00e9 jedl\u00e9 houby. “P\u016fvodn\u00ed jedl\u00fd druh strof\u00e1rie kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 (Stropharia rugoso-annulata) je zdaleka na\u0161\u00edm nejlep\u0161\u00edm kmenem rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm d\u0159evo,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cotter. “Roz\u0161i\u0159uje se po na\u0161ich zahrad\u00e1ch, zvy\u0161uje hloubku p\u016fdy a p\u0159itahuje u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy, jako jsou \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy.”Piliny nebo d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpku z v\u00fdtrus\u016f strof\u00e1rie (vikve) a dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f lze zakoupit v na\u0161em obchod\u011b Field and Forest Products a Fungi Perfecti.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Obnoven\u00ed zdroj\u016f
\n<\/h2>\n

D\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka a piliny jsou vedlej\u0161\u00edmi produkty jin\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, tak\u017ee prvn\u00edm krokem je vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch m\u00edstn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Pokud bydl\u00edte v bl\u00edzkosti pily, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se\u017eenete piliny levn\u011b, i kdy\u017e budete pot\u0159ebovat uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed od provozovatele pily, \u017ee neobsahuj\u00ed piliny z \u010dern\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f, kter\u00e9 uvol\u0148uj\u00ed toxin, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vra\u017eedn\u00fd pro raj\u010data a dal\u0161\u00ed citlivou zeleninu. Na zahrad\u011b se tak\u00e9 vyhn\u011bte pilin\u00e1m z p\u0159ekli\u017eky a nat\u0159en\u00e9ho nebo o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9ho d\u0159eva kv\u016fli lepidl\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm chemik\u00e1li\u00edm. U pilin plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm n\u00ed\u017ee jste ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci (pila, kter\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 cel\u00e9 kmeny), t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1te piliny vhodn\u00e9 pro zahradu. Pro p\u016fdotvorn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely jsou hrub\u00e9 piliny lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jemn\u00e9, proto\u017ee je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se sbal\u00ed do roho\u017ee, a v p\u016fd\u011b vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le jako organick\u00e1 hmota.\n<\/p>\n

Pokud jsou piliny udr\u017eov\u00e1ny vlhk\u00e9, mohou se p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b rychle rozkl\u00e1dat. Ve studii proveden\u00e9 na Ohio State University se piliny rozkl\u00e1daly rychleji ne\u017e noviny nebo sl\u00e1ma, kter\u00e9 byly rozpoznateln\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b po 16 t\u00fddnech. Chcete-li urychlit hnit\u00ed hromady pilin, sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat vlhkost a dus\u00edk. Toho lze dos\u00e1hnout tak, \u017ee nam\u00edch\u00e1te velkou d\u00e1vku ryb\u00ed emulze, nalijete ji do ji\u017e vlhk\u00e9 hromady pilin ve tvaru koblihy a pot\u00e9 ji zakryjete plachtou nebo starou dekou, aby se vlhkost udr\u017eela. Pot\u00e9, co piliny z\u010dernaj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete je pou\u017e\u00edt k vyleh\u010den\u00ed jak\u00e9koliv p\u016fdy — v\u010detn\u011b p\u016fdy v kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u00edch — pro sazenice a zahradni\u010den\u00ed v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed s d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkou pou\u017e\u00edvala tzv. v\u011btvovou \u0161t\u011bpku, kterou z\u00edsk\u00e1te, kdy\u017e \u017eiv\u00e9 v\u011btve tvrd\u00e9ho d\u0159eva bez list\u00ed o pr\u016fm\u011bru 2 a\u017e 3 palce pro\u017eenete \u0161t\u011bpkova\u010dem a vytvo\u0159\u00edte z nich kousky \u0161irok\u00e9 p\u016fl a\u017e 1 palec a dlouh\u00e9 1 a\u017e 4 palce. Vzhledem k velikosti pou\u017eit\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00ed maj\u00ed rami\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bpky pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo k\u016fry a j\u00e1drov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, co\u017e je mimo jin\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d jsou tak atraktivn\u00ed jako dopln\u011bk p\u016fdy. Vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed partie obsahuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 m\u00e1lo list\u016f, \u0161i\u0161ek nebo jin\u00fdch pichlav\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u011bpku z v\u011btv\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat zdarma, pokud se spoj\u00edte s firmami, kter\u00e9 ve va\u0161\u00ed oblasti pro\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed stromy. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Oshkoshi ve Wisconsinu, m\u016f\u017eete o n\u011bkter\u00fdch sobot\u00e1ch odv\u00e9zt mal\u00e9 v\u011btve do \u0161t\u011bpkovac\u00edho centra a odjet dom\u016f s vlastn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkou. A\u0165 u\u017e \u017eijete kdekoli, k nalezen\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky by m\u011blo sta\u010dit n\u011bkolik telefon\u00e1t\u016f m\u00edstn\u00edm energetick\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem nebo firm\u00e1m zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm se \u00fadr\u017ebou strom\u016f. D\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpka \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed na skl\u00e1dk\u00e1ch, vyu\u017eijme ji rad\u011bji k obohacen\u00ed p\u016fdy na na\u0161ich zahrad\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

Mo\u017enosti \u0161t\u011bpkova\u010de a drti\u010de
\n<\/h2>\n
<\/figure>\n

Pokud m\u00e1te na sv\u00e9m pozemku hodn\u011b strom\u016f, m\u016f\u017eete si po\u0159\u00eddit \u0161t\u011bpkova\u010d a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt si vlastn\u00ed mul\u010dovac\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd bude slou\u017eit k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fdy. Stroj m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt i na drcen\u00ed podzimn\u00edho list\u00ed. Pokud bou\u0159ka strhne strom, m\u016f\u017eete si \u0161t\u011bpkova\u010d pronajmout nebo si najmout n\u011bkoho, kdo p\u0159ijede a na\u0161t\u011bpkuje ho za v\u00e1s. Mezi spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkova\u010de, pat\u0159\u00ed BCS, Country Home, Echo a MacKissic.\n<\/p>\n

P\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed redaktorka Barbara Pleasant zahradni\u010d\u00ed v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Virginii, kde p\u011bstuje zeleninu, bylinky, ovoce, kv\u011btiny a n\u011bkolik \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch slepic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpkou a o tom, pro\u010d byste m\u011bli do d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky p\u0159id\u00e1vat dus\u00edk pro dlouhodob\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos na zahrad\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina ekologick\u00fdch zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159\u016f zjistila, \u017ee jim dob\u0159e slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vzor\u016f. Pokud jde o budov\u00e1n\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed p\u016fdy, p\u0159\u00edroda se ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na stromy — spadan\u00e9 v\u011btve, list\u00ed, \u0161i\u0161ky, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":81470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-gardening-techniques"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}