Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu o ekologick\u00e9 ochran\u011b proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, kter\u00fd obsahuje \u010dl\u00e1nky o p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho hmyzu, boji proti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm zahradn\u00edm \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch pesticid\u016f. \n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci jsou nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u0161k\u016fdci ch\u0159estu a oslabuj\u00ed rostliny, kdy\u017e se jimi \u017eiv\u00ed dosp\u011blci a larvy. Mezi ekologick\u00e9 metody ochrany ch\u0159estu proti ch\u0159estov\u00fdm brouk\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br a sb\u011br a kompostov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00e9ho ch\u0159estov\u00e9ho list\u00ed a plod\u016f. Ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci, kte\u0159\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Evropy, se nyn\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Americe, kdekoli se ch\u0159est p\u011bstuje.\n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estovec obecn\u00fd (Crioceris asparagi) je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0161k\u016fdcem ch\u0159estu, kter\u00fd po\u0161kozuje mlad\u00e9 ch\u0159estov\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky. Tento \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fd, podlouhl\u00fd brouk p\u0159ezimuj\u00edc\u00ed jako dosp\u011bl\u00fd jedinec m\u00e1 na k\u0159\u00eddlech \u010dty\u0159i b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo na\u017eloutl\u00e9 skvrny, zespodu a na okraj\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddel je na\u010dervenal\u00fd a m\u00e1 tmav\u011b \u010derven\u00fd trup. Je to 1\n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estovec skvrnit\u00fd (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) je tak\u00e9 pom\u011brn\u011b pestr\u00fd. Na z\u00e1pad\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je ch\u0159estovec skvrnit\u00fd jasn\u011b d\u00fd\u0148ov\u011b oran\u017eov\u00fd s drobn\u00fdmi \u010dern\u00fdmi te\u010dkami na k\u0159\u00eddlech. V jin\u00fdch oblastech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt barva pozad\u00ed ch\u0159estovc\u016f skvrnit\u00fdch \u010derven\u00e1 a\u017e tmav\u011b \u010derven\u00e1. Tykadla obou \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f ch\u0159estu m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu d\u00e9lky t\u011bla.\n<\/p>\n
Brzy na ja\u0159e, pr\u00e1v\u011b kdy\u017e se ch\u0159estov\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky prod\u00edraj\u00ed na povrch, se objevuj\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ezimovali v rostlinn\u00fdch zbytc\u00edch. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se \u017eivit na prvn\u00edch v\u00fdhonc\u00edch a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jejich zk\u0159iven\u00ed jako past\u00fd\u0159sk\u00fd h\u00e1k. Brzy po sp\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kladou sami\u010dky na mal\u00e9 ostruhy a nov\u00e9 listy drobn\u00e1 tmav\u00e1 podlouhl\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 tr\u010d\u00ed v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu. Dosp\u011blci se \u017eiv\u00ed hlavn\u00edmi kop\u00edmi, zat\u00edmco \u0161edozelen\u00e9 larvy s m\u011bkk\u00fdm t\u011blem se \u017eiv\u00ed kop\u00edmi a list\u00edm. Z\u00e1\u0159ezy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u017e\u00edrem jsou hn\u011bd\u011b zbarven\u00e9 a sni\u017euj\u00ed vitalitu a velikost napaden\u00fdch v\u00fdhon\u016f. Siln\u00e9 \u017e\u00edry sni\u017euj\u00ed vitalitu rostlin ch\u0159estu.\n<\/p>\n
Dosp\u011bl\u00ed brouci ch\u0159estu skvrnit\u00e9ho se objevuj\u00ed o jeden a\u017e t\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji ne\u017e brouci ch\u0159estu obecn\u00e9ho. Pozd\u011b na ja\u0159e se tito \u0161k\u016fdci ch\u0159estu mohou vyskytovat na v\u0161ech rostlin\u00e1ch ch\u0159estu, ale obvykle zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jen mal\u00e9 \u0161kody. Cyklus kladen\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek je na\u010dasov\u00e1n tak, aby se shodoval s tvorbou bobul\u00ed ch\u0159estu. Dosp\u011blci kladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka na bobule nebo do jejich bl\u00edzkosti, larvy se do nich zavrt\u00e1vaj\u00ed, aby se \u017eivily, a pot\u00e9 padaj\u00ed na zem, kde se kukl\u00ed v dosp\u011blce. Larvy se \u017eiv\u00ed pouze uvnit\u0159 bobul\u00ed. Larvy ch\u0159estovce skvrnit\u00e9ho jsou \u017elutav\u00e9 s \u010dernou hlavou a nohama.\n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci kladou na ja\u0159e brzy po objeven\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka na vyr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed ostruhy, kter\u00e1 se l\u00edhnou za t\u0159i a\u017e osm dn\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 \u0161edav\u00e9 housenky s m\u011bkk\u00fdm t\u011blem se na ja\u0159e \u017eiv\u00ed na k\u0159ehk\u00fdch nov\u00fdch porostech. Pozd\u011bji v l\u00e9t\u011b se vaj\u00ed\u010dka a larvy \u017eiv\u00ed na listech ch\u0159estu. Kdy\u017e larvy asi po dvou t\u00fddnech \u017e\u00edru dosp\u011bj\u00ed, padaj\u00ed na zem a kukl\u00ed se v hlin\u011bn\u00e9 bu\u0148ce po dobu sedmi a\u017e deseti dn\u016f, ne\u017e se z n\u00ed vyl\u00edhnou jako dosp\u011blci. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b klimatick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed dv\u011b generace, ale v tepl\u00fdch oblastech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e p\u011bt generac\u00ed tohoto \u0161k\u016fdce ch\u0159estu.\n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci se objevuj\u00ed v polovin\u011b jara a ihned za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed po\u017e\u00edrat listy ch\u0159estu, ale s kladen\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dek \u010dekaj\u00ed, a\u017e se na rostlin\u00e1ch ch\u0159estu vytvo\u0159\u00ed bobule. Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek se larvy zavrtaj\u00ed do bobul\u00ed a za\u010dnou se jimi \u017eivit.\n<\/p>\n
Pt\u00e1ci \u010dasto \u017eerou ch\u0159estov\u00e9 brouky a larvy, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v hn\u00edzdn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, kdy pt\u00e1ci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00edce b\u00edlkovin. D\u00e1my \u017eerou mlad\u00e9 larvy, ale nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pred\u00e1torem je mal\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 vosa Eulophid ( Tetrastichus asparagi ), kter\u00e1 \u017eere vaj\u00ed\u010dka ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tku sez\u00f3ny a v l\u00e9t\u011b klade vaj\u00ed\u010dka do vaj\u00ed\u010dek ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f. Tento u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd hmyz, kter\u00fd je tak pomocn\u00fd p\u0159i regulaci ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f, byl identifikov\u00e1n v Massachusetts v roce 1915 a nyn\u00ed se vyskytuje v\u0161ude, kde se p\u011bstuje ch\u0159est. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b nab\u00edzen k prodeji.\n<\/p>\n
P\u0159i boji s ch\u0159estov\u00fdm broukem mohou b\u00fdt organick\u00e9 metody ochrany pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f je na podzim odstranit rostlinn\u00e9 zbytky z pozemku a zkompostovat je v aktivn\u00edm kompostu. Larvy a dosp\u011blce lze odstra\u0148ovat ru\u010dn\u011b. P\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00edm sb\u011bru postavte na zem kbel\u00edk s vodou a mnoho brouk\u016f do n\u011bj po sra\u017een\u00ed z rostlin spadne. Na vaj\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch brouk\u016f budou parazitovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vosi\u010dky. Ch\u0159estov\u00e9 brouky dob\u0159e sb\u00edraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 slepice, kdy\u017e je koncem l\u00e9ta nechaj\u00ed na z\u00e1hon\u011b sp\u00e1sat. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch situac\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat dobrou organickou kontrolu ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f post\u0159ikem rostlin s neemem na za\u010d\u00e1tku sez\u00f3ny, kdy jsou populace skromn\u00e9. Nepou\u017e\u00edvejte neem ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd pesticid, pokud jsou na z\u00e1honu ch\u0159estu p\u0159\u00edtomny mal\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 vosi\u010dky.\n<\/p>\n
Ch\u0159estovce skvrnit\u00e9 odrad\u00ed, pokud se vysad\u00ed pouze sam\u010d\u00ed odr\u016fdy ch\u0159estu, kter\u00e9 netvo\u0159\u00ed bobule. Pokud va\u0161e rostliny vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bobule, seberte a zkompostujte v\u0161echny bobule ch\u0159estu, pokud se na nich vyskytli skvrnit\u00ed ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci. Jedn\u00e1 se o nejlep\u0161\u00ed ekologickou ochranu proti ch\u0159estov\u00fdm brouk\u016fm.\n<\/p>\n
Sni\u017ete populace p\u0159ezimuj\u00edc\u00edch dosp\u011blc\u016f obou \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f ch\u0159estu t\u00edm, \u017ee budete okol\u00ed lehce obd\u011bl\u00e1vat a odstra\u0148ovat zbytky rostlin. To donut\u00ed ch\u0159estov\u00e9 brouky p\u0159ezimovat v p\u016fd\u011b, kde je se\u017eerou podpovrchov\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i.\n<\/p>\n
Brzy na ja\u0159e ostr\u00fdm no\u017eem rychle od\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte o\u0161t\u011bpy na \u00farovni zem\u011b. Pozorn\u00e1 sklize\u0148 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed mnoha vaj\u00ed\u010dek ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Oba druhy ch\u0159estov\u00fdch brouk\u016f lze snadno ru\u010dn\u011b sb\u00edrat. Instinktem brouk\u016f je padat na zem, kdy\u017e c\u00edt\u00ed, \u017ee jsou vyru\u0161eni, proto p\u0159ed jemn\u00fdm zat\u0159esen\u00edm rostlinou podr\u017ete n\u00e1dobu s vodou a brouci spadnou do vody. Dob\u0159e funguje i prost\u011bradlo, noviny nebo krabice od pizzy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu o ekologick\u00e9 ochran\u011b proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, kter\u00fd obsahuje \u010dl\u00e1nky o p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho hmyzu, boji proti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm zahradn\u00edm \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch pesticid\u016f. Ch\u0159estov\u00ed brouci jsou nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u0161k\u016fdci ch\u0159estu a oslabuj\u00ed rostliny, kdy\u017e se jimi \u017eiv\u00ed dosp\u011blci a larvy. Mezi ekologick\u00e9 metody ochrany ch\u0159estu proti ch\u0159estov\u00fdm brouk\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br a sb\u011br […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-pest-control"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80790"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80790\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}