{"id":80634,"date":"2023-03-07T10:55:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T07:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-jak-pestovat-hrozny-na-zahrade\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T10:55:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T07:55:03","slug":"cs-jak-pestovat-hrozny-na-zahrade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-jak-pestovat-hrozny-na-zahrade\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak p\u011bstovat hrozny na zahrad\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
(Podrobnosti o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f zeleniny a ovoce najdete na str\u00e1nce sb\u00edrky Plodiny v kostce.)\n<\/p>\n
Dlouhov\u011bk\u00e9 hrozny lze p\u011bstovat ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, pokud si vyberete odr\u016fdy vhodn\u00e9 pro va\u0161i oblast. Chladnomiln\u00e9 odr\u016fdy vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 v Minnesot\u011b mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt teploty a\u017e minus 30 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita, zat\u00edmco mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00e9 hrozny odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m vynikaj\u00ed v tepl\u00e9m podneb\u00ed s omezen\u00fdm zimn\u00edm ochlazov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ekologick\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f je snaz\u0161\u00ed na such\u00e9m z\u00e1pad\u011b ne\u017e na vlhk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, kde je prevence chorob vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou.\n<\/p>\n
Druhy hrozn\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete vyzkou\u0161et \n<\/h2>\n
Stoln\u00ed hrozny bez pecek poskytuj\u00ed \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 bobule s tenkou slupkou, kter\u00e9 jsou vhodn\u00e9 ke konzumaci v \u010derstv\u00e9m stavu, k su\u0161en\u00ed jako rozinky nebo k v\u00fdrob\u011b d\u017eusu.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny Labrusca maj\u00ed v rodokmenu divok\u00e9 severoamerick\u00e9 hrozny, kter\u00e9 jim dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdraznou chu\u0165 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy a \u017eel\u00e9. Hrozny Labrusca dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 zimn\u00ed teploty.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny Muscadine se nejl\u00e9pe p\u011bstuj\u00ed v tepl\u00e9m a vlhk\u00e9m podneb\u00ed a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sladk\u00e9 bobule s v\u00fdraznou pi\u017emovou chut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pro \u010derstv\u00e9 j\u00eddlo, \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu, \u017eel\u00e9 nebo v\u00edno.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny b\u00edl\u00e9ho v\u00edna —, kter\u00e9 vznikly k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm evropsk\u00fdch a severoamerick\u00fdch hrozn\u016f —, lze p\u011bstovat ekologicky na p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch. B\u00edl\u00e9 vinn\u00e9 hrozny dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e tmav\u00e9, tak\u017ee jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed volbou tam, kde je kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 l\u00e9to. N\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ‘Traminette,’ pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed od kv\u011btu do sklizn\u011b pouze 110 dn\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny \u010derven\u00e9ho v\u00edna dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed 105 a\u017e 140 dn\u00ed po odkv\u011btu, proto si v chladn\u00e9m podneb\u00ed vyb\u00edrejte odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve. V\u00fdnosy \u010derven\u00fdch vinn\u00fdch hrozn\u016f mohou p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 30 kg z rostliny.\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n
Kdy s\u00e1zet hrozny \n<\/h2>\n
Na ja\u0159e vysazujte zakoupen\u00e9 rostliny 4 a\u017e 6 t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed posledn\u00edmi mrazy, kdy se rostliny probouzej\u00ed z vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu. Odr\u016fdy hrozn\u016f p\u011bstovan\u00e9 v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017eete vysazovat a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta.\n<\/p>\n
Jak s\u00e1zet hrozny \n<\/h2>\n
P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f na pln\u00e9m slunci napom\u00e1h\u00e1 vzniku sladk\u00fdch plod\u016f s plnou chut\u00ed. Rostliny mohou plodit des\u00edtky let, pokud se p\u011bstuj\u00ed v hlubok\u00e9, \u00farodn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e1 dob\u0159e odv\u00e1d\u00ed vodu. P\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou vykopejte v\u0161echny vytrval\u00e9 plevele a p\u016fdu dopl\u0148te alespo\u0148 2 cm vyzr\u00e1l\u00e9ho kompostu nebo jin\u00e9 kvalitn\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty. Pokud je va\u0161e p\u016fda kysel\u00e1, pou\u017eijte lehk\u00e9 v\u00e1pno nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd popel, abyste zv\u00fd\u0161ili pH na 5,6 a\u017e 6,2.\n<\/p>\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina hrozn\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vysazena 7 a\u017e 9 stop od sebe a p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b by m\u011bla b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1na odoln\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Po v\u00fdsadb\u011b hrozny d\u016fkladn\u011b zalijte a plochu pod rostlinami zamul\u010dujte 2 a\u017e 4 cm d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky nebo jin\u00e9ho organick\u00e9ho mul\u010de.\n<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed a pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f \n<\/h2>\n
P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed konstrukce m\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a zp\u016fsobu \u0159ezu p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu r\u016fstu vybran\u00fdch hrozn\u016f bude velkou prevenc\u00ed proti chorob\u00e1m a maximalizac\u00ed produktivity. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee hrozny odr\u016fdy ‘Concord’ a dal\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy labrusca vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u011btve sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed dol\u016f z dlouh\u00fdch trs\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed kask\u00e1du list\u016f, tak\u017ee se jim nejl\u00e9pe da\u0159\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ei nebo v alt\u00e1nu. Stejn\u011b tak hrozny mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00e9ho v\u00edna se nejsn\u00e1ze spravuj\u00ed na horn\u00ed obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 “X m\u0159\u00ed\u017e.” U t\u011bchto bujn\u00fdch plod\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u0159ez zam\u011b\u0159en na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 \u0161estimetrov\u00fdch trs\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 na o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.\n<\/p>\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina stoln\u00edch a vinn\u00fdch hrozn\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdhony sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vzh\u016fru, proto je nejlep\u0161\u00ed dvoupatrov\u00e1 m\u0159\u00ed\u017e, kter\u00e1 podp\u00edr\u00e1 v\u011btve p\u0159i jejich r\u016fstu. V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 jsou m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee z hust\u011b tkan\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu, proto\u017ee dob\u0159e podp\u00edraj\u00ed r\u00e9vu, kdy\u017e je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 plody. \u0158ez stoln\u00edch a vinn\u00fdch hrozn\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt agresivn\u00ed — odstra\u0148te v\u0161echny star\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky s v\u00fdjimkou vybran\u00fdch plodonosn\u00fdch ostruh. P\u011bstujete-li stoln\u00ed hrozny na alt\u00e1nu, m\u016f\u017eete \u0159ezat o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b, chcete-li dos\u00e1hnout hust\u00e9ho pokryvu list\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny pro\u0159ez\u00e1vejte koncem zimy, ne\u017e za\u010dnou pu\u010det pupeny. Prvn\u00ed rok po v\u00fdsadb\u011b se soust\u0159e\u010fte na to, aby mlad\u00e9 rostliny m\u011bly rovn\u00e9 a pevn\u00e9 kmeny. Ve druh\u00e9m roce za\u010dn\u011bte s v\u00fdchovou bo\u010dn\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e poupata budou p\u0159ipravena plodit t\u0159i roky po v\u00fdsadb\u011b. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 odr\u016fda r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, kterou p\u011bstujete, bude reagovat na r\u016fzn\u00e9 postupy \u0159ezu jinak, proto bu\u010fte p\u0159ipraveni sv\u00e9 metody doladit.\n<\/p>\n
Sklize\u0148 a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozn\u016f \n<\/h2>\n
Hrozny jsou zral\u00e9, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed sladkou chu\u0165. B\u00edl\u00e9 nebo \u010derven\u00e9 odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed brzy, mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveny ke sklizni o m\u011bs\u00edc d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e pozd\u011bji dozr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed modr\u00e9 nebo \u010dern\u00e9 hrozny. Nechte hrozny na r\u00e9v\u011b, dokud se na slupce bobul\u00ed neobjev\u00ed b\u011blav\u00fd kv\u011bt, ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bdi vlhk\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed je p\u0159eneste dovnit\u0159. Zral\u00e9 hrozny po siln\u00fdch de\u0161t\u00edch \u010dasto praskaj\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Trsy neumyt\u00fdch hrozn\u016f uchov\u00e1vejte v chladni\u010dce ulo\u017een\u00e9 v plastov\u00fdch s\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed udr\u017eovat vlhkost. Z \u010derstv\u00fdch nebo zmrazen\u00fdch hrozn\u016f lze vyrobit \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu, \u017eel\u00e9 nebo v\u00edno. Hrozny bez pecek se nejsn\u00e1ze su\u0161\u00ed na rozinky.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny lze snadno mno\u017eit zako\u0159e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm 6palcov\u00fdch stonkov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzk\u016f odebran\u00fdch koncem zimy nebo brzy na ja\u0159e. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u0159\u00edzk\u016f zako\u0159en\u00ed do dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a je\u0161t\u011b v t\u00e9\u017ee vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b je p\u0159ipravena k vysazen\u00ed, pokud je zap\u00edchnete 3 cm hluboko do venkovn\u00edho mno\u017e\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1honu nebo n\u00e1dob s vlhkou zeminou. Hrozny by se m\u011bly v\u017edy mno\u017eit z \u0159\u00edzk\u016f, proto\u017ee ze semen se nedaj\u00ed vyp\u011bstovat.\n<\/p>\n
Tipy pro prevenci \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a chorob \n<\/h2>\n
V\u0161em chorob\u00e1m r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 lze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zet pe\u010dliv\u00fdm m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u0159ezem a mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ve v\u0161ech oblastech m\u016f\u017ee mou\u010dnatost (projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se b\u011blav\u00fdmi skvrnami na listech) oslabit rostliny a sn\u00ed\u017eit chu\u0165 hrozn\u016f. Preventivn\u00ed post\u0159ik roztokem 1 d\u00edlu ml\u00e9ka a 5 d\u00edl\u016f vody m\u016f\u017ee tento probl\u00e9m minimalizovat.\n<\/p>\n
Houbov\u00e1 choroba zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u010dern\u00e1 hniloba je na Z\u00e1pad\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1, ale na v\u00fdchod\u011b je st\u00e1lou hrozbou. Rostliny \u010dasto pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pravideln\u00fd post\u0159ik organick\u00fdmi fungicidy na b\u00e1zi m\u011bdi, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je odr\u016fda v\u016f\u010di chorob\u011b tolerantn\u00ed. V\u00fdznamnou ochranu mohou poskytnout tak\u00e9 mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed fungicidy na b\u00e1zi Bacillus subtilis (nap\u0159. Serenade).\n<\/p>\n
V oblasti Sun Belt by si zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bli vyb\u00edrat odr\u016fdy odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di Pierceov\u011b chorob\u011b, kter\u00e1 je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v p\u016fd\u00e1ch s tepl\u00fdm podneb\u00edm. Dobrou volbou jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad ‘Black Spanish,’ ‘Blanc du Bois’ a ‘Victoria Red.’\n<\/p>\n
Listy hrozn\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed mezi obl\u00edbenou potravu japonsk\u00fdch brouk\u016f a jejich plody jsou obl\u00edbenou pochoutkou mnoha voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f. Ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br brouk\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tku sez\u00f3ny je nezbytn\u00fd pro dobrou kontrolu a tylov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b mohou pomoci ochr\u00e1nit rostliny p\u0159ed hladov\u00fdmi pt\u00e1ky.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny v kuchyni \n<\/h2>\n<\/figure>\n
Stoln\u00ed hrozny bez pecek jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed na sva\u010dinu, lze je p\u0159id\u00e1vat do sal\u00e1t\u016f nebo \u010datn\u00ed nebo je lze su\u0161it na rozinky. V\u0161echny druhy hrozn\u016f pust\u00ed \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ed rozdrcen\u00edm a sced\u011bn\u00edm sotva zah\u0159ej\u00ed na m\u00edrn\u00e9m ohni. Hroznovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu ulo\u017ete na nejm\u00e9n\u011b 24 hodin do chladni\u010dky, aby se vy\u010distila, pot\u00e9 ji slijte a krystalky kyseliny vinn\u00e9 na dn\u011b n\u00e1doby vyho\u010fte. Hroznovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu lze konzervovat, zmrazit nebo z n\u00ed vyrobit \u017eel\u00e9 \u010di v\u00edno.\n<\/p>\n
Hrozny jsou zdrojem vl\u00e1kniny, drasl\u00edku a \u0159ady vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, ale jejich skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l poch\u00e1z\u00ed z fenol\u016f a antioxidant\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v tmav\u011b zbarven\u00fdch hroznech. Antioxidanty v tmav\u011b fialov\u00e9 hroznov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1v\u011b mohou zlep\u0161it fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku a \u0161\u0165\u00e1va i v\u00edno z tmav\u00fdch hrozn\u016f jsou prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro va\u0161e srdce.\n<\/p>\n
P\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed redaktorka Barbara Pleasant zahradni\u010d\u00ed v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Virginii, kde p\u011bstuje zeleninu, bylinky, ovoce, kv\u011btiny a n\u011bkolik \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch slepic. Barbaru m\u016f\u017eete kontaktovat na jej\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
(Podrobnosti o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f zeleniny a ovoce najdete na str\u00e1nce sb\u00edrky Plodiny v kostce.) Dlouhov\u011bk\u00e9 hrozny lze p\u011bstovat ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, pokud si vyberete odr\u016fdy vhodn\u00e9 pro va\u0161i oblast. Chladnomiln\u00e9 odr\u016fdy vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 v Minnesot\u011b mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt teploty a\u017e minus 30 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita, zat\u00edmco mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00e9 hrozny odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m vynikaj\u00ed v tepl\u00e9m podneb\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-fruits"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80634"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80634\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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