{"id":80374,"date":"2023-03-07T10:45:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T07:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo5.teaser-cube.ru\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-slovnicek-prirodnich-reseni-ochrany-zahrady-pred-skudci\/"},"modified":"2023-03-07T10:45:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T07:45:58","slug":"cs-slovnicek-prirodnich-reseni-ochrany-zahrady-pred-skudci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/2023\/03\/07\/cs-slovnicek-prirodnich-reseni-ochrany-zahrady-pred-skudci\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00ed\u010dek p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ochrany zahrady p\u0159ed \u0161k\u016fdci"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hojnost bzu\u010d\u00edc\u00edho, sk\u00e1kaj\u00edc\u00edho, poletuj\u00edc\u00edho a lezouc\u00edho hmyzu je charakteristick\u00fdm znakem ka\u017ed\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 zahrady. Tato rozmanitost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hmyz, kter\u00fd by se mohl \u017eivit va\u0161imi plodinami, bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dr\u017een pod kontrolou sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli. V mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci jednodu\u0161e poskytuj\u00ed potravu pt\u00e1k\u016fm a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9mu hmyzu, a pokud jsou va\u0161e p\u016fda a plodiny zdrav\u00e9, rostliny se tlaku snadno ubr\u00e1n\u00ed. Teprve kdy\u017e se populace \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f p\u0159emno\u017e\u00ed, mus\u00ed zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i zas\u00e1hnout a obnovit rovnov\u00e1hu, aby jejich zahrada prosperovala.\n<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00e9 zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed mantra, kterou se m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00eddit p\u0159i sv\u00e9 snaze o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ochranu zahrady p\u0159ed \u0161k\u016fdci, se d\u00e1 shrnout do dvou slov: D\u00edvejte se pozorn\u011b. Pravideln\u011b si prohl\u00ed\u017eejte rostliny a v\u0161\u00edmejte si, jak\u00fd hmyz vid\u00edte. V\u0161\u00edmejte si, zda vid\u00edte jen n\u011bkolik jedinc\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu hmyzu, nebo zda se jejich populace rozr\u016fst\u00e1, a vyhledejte si obr\u00e1zky toho, co vid\u00edte, abyste v\u011bd\u011bli, kter\u00e9 druhy jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9. (Obr\u00e1zky a podrobn\u00e9 informace o u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9m a \u0161kodliv\u00e9m hmyzu naleznete v na\u0161em seri\u00e1lu o ekologick\u00e9 ochran\u011b proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm).\n<\/p>\n

V tomto slovn\u00edku najdete informace, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m pomohou preventivn\u011b se br\u00e1nit \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, a pokud se probl\u00e9my objev\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete se na ka\u017edou komplikaci zam\u011b\u0159it pomoc\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ochranu proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm. Tento slovn\u00ed\u010dek jsme rozd\u011blili do \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed troj\u00ed syst\u00e9m ekologick\u00e9 ochrany proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm: Za prv\u00e9, p\u0159il\u00e1kejte rozmanit\u00fd u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd hmyz v\u00fdsadbou kv\u011btin a bylin — zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed nektar z mnoha mal\u00fdch kv\u00edtk\u016f, jako je m\u00e1ta a sladk\u00e1 medu\u0148ka. Zadruh\u00e9, kdy\u017e se \u0161k\u016fdci vymknou kontrole nebo je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee ve va\u0161\u00ed oblasti p\u016fsob\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee (viz tabulka 15 nejhor\u0161\u00edch zahradn\u00edch \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f), zave\u010fte r\u016fzn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 kontroly. A nakonec, pokud je to nutn\u00e9, nasa\u010fte organick\u00e9 insekticidn\u00ed posily. V\u0161echny produkty uveden\u00e9 v tomto slovn\u00ed\u010dku byly schv\u00e1leny N\u00e1rodn\u00edm ekologick\u00fdm programem USA.\n<\/p>\n

\u0160k\u016fdci po\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd hmyz
\n<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed druhy hmyzu se \u017eiv\u00ed jin\u00fdm hmyzem a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby \u0161k\u016fdci zp\u016fsobili na va\u0161ich plodin\u00e1ch v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mal\u00e9 \u0161kody.\n<\/p>\n

Chyba Assassin. Tito 1 cm dlouz\u00ed drav\u00ed brouci maj\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtovit\u00e1 z\u00e1da a jsou aktivn\u00edmi lovci \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. Larvy i dosp\u011blci se \u017eiv\u00ed m\u0161icemi, housenkami, bramborov\u00fdmi brouky, vaj\u00ed\u010dky hmyzu a dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy. Brouci asas\u00edni pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo p\u0159irozen\u00fdch pred\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed regulovat v\u00fdskyt mexick\u00fdch brouk\u016f.\n<\/p>\n

Braconidn\u00ed vosa. V Severn\u00ed Americe \u017eije t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 000 druh\u016f t\u011bchto vos, kter\u00e9 nejsou \u017eahav\u00e9. Dosp\u011blci jsou dlouz\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u016fl centimetru a kladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka do hostitelsk\u00e9ho hmyzu nebo na n\u011bj; larvy podobn\u00e9 larv\u00e1m se \u017eiv\u00ed svou ko\u0159ist\u00ed zevnit\u0159. Braconidy kladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka na \u010detn\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce, jako jsou m\u0161ice, housenky (v\u010detn\u011b zeln\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f a roh\u00e1\u010d\u016f raj\u010datov\u00fdch) a listov\u00e9 minery.\n<\/p>\n

Brouk zemn\u00ed. Tento u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd hmyz \u017eije v p\u016fd\u011b pod mul\u010dem, kolem hromad kompostu a na chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00edstech pod trvalkami. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed tunely, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159epad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a lap\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina zemn\u00edch brouk\u016f se potuluje nad zem\u00ed a v noci hled\u00e1 potravu. \u017div\u00ed se ch\u0159estov\u00fdmi brouky, kapustov\u00fdmi \u010dervy, bramborov\u00fdmi brouky, kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdmi klasy, kut\u00e1lkami a slim\u00e1ky.\n<\/p>\n

Vzn\u00e1\u0161ivka (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako syrfidn\u00ed moucha). Dosp\u011blci \u010dern\u011b a \u017elut\u011b pruhovan\u00fdch vzn\u00e1\u0161ivek p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bnky, ale pro \u010dlov\u011bka jsou ne\u0161kodn\u00ed. Larvy jsou drobn\u00e9, ku\u017eelovit\u00e9 larvy, kter\u00e9 se plaz\u00ed po list\u00ed a \u017eiv\u00ed se drobn\u00fdm hmyzem. Jsou to po\u017e\u00edra\u010di m\u0161ic a po\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 mou\u010dn\u00e9 brouky, rozto\u010de, t\u0159\u00e1sn\u011bnky, \u0161upinat\u00fd hmyz a drobn\u00e9 housenky, jako jsou nap\u0159. kapust\u0148\u00e1ci.\n<\/p>\n

Krajn\u00edk (alias m\u0161ice lv\u00ed\u010dek). Larvy krajn\u00edk\u016f se \u017eiv\u00ed m\u0161icemi, zeln\u00fdmi \u010dervy, vaj\u00ed\u010dky housenek, blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi. \u017div\u00ed se asi m\u011bs\u00edc, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho ka\u017ed\u00e1 larva zkonzumuje asi 600 m\u0161ic. Ve ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch odstra\u0148ujte z rostlin \u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 kryty, aby je mohly m\u0161ice zkontrolovat na p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f. Nepou\u017e\u00edvejte pesticidy v dob\u011b, kdy jsou krajinky aktivn\u00ed, co\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159irozen\u00fdch hmyz\u00edch pred\u00e1tor\u016f na za\u010d\u00e1tku zahradnick\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny.\n<\/p>\n

Beru\u0161ka (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako beru\u0161ka). Larvy a dosp\u011blci beru\u0161ek se \u017eiv\u00ed m\u0161icemi, mal\u00fdmi housenkami a vaj\u00ed\u010dky hmyzu. N\u011bkolik druh\u016f se specializuje na po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mou\u010dn\u00fdch brouk\u016f, rozto\u010d\u016f, \u0161upinat\u00e9ho hmyzu a dokonce i mou\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b. Pokud na rostlin\u011b spat\u0159\u00edte dosp\u011bl\u00e9 beru\u0161ky, hledejte v list\u00ed shluky \u017elutooran\u017eov\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti kolonie m\u0161ic. Tmav\u011b zbarven\u00e9 larvy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed miniaturn\u00ed alig\u00e1tory, se vyl\u00edhnou asi za t\u00fdden a denn\u011b zkonzumuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik m\u0161ic.\n<\/p>\n

Minutov\u00e1 pir\u00e1tsk\u00e1 chyba. Tento kompaktn\u00ed dravec, kter\u00fd je dlouh\u00fd m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e \u010dtvrt palce, hub\u00ed \u010dervy v kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch klasech na po\u010d\u00e1tku jejich \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. Drobn\u00ed pir\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed brouci se \u017eiv\u00ed tak\u00e9 m\u0161icemi, t\u0159\u00e1sn\u011bnkami a blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdmi.\n<\/p>\n

Kudlanka n\u00e1bo\u017en\u00e1. Tento drav\u00fd druh, kter\u00fd je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm hmyzem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eete na zahrad\u011b potkat, je neust\u00e1le na lovu a po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00fd hmyz, kter\u00fd se h\u00fdbe, v\u010detn\u011b kobylky, kter\u00e1 po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 \u00farodu.\n<\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1k (tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako ko\u017eojed). Podlouhl\u00e9, p\u016flcentimetrov\u00e9 brouky voj\u00e1ky uvid\u00edte mezi kv\u011bty nebo v hust\u00e9 vegetaci. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech jsou jejich larvy kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tory vaj\u00ed\u010dek kobylky, tak\u017ee p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zajistit ochranu proti kobylk\u00e1m. Larvy voj\u00e1k\u016f se \u017eiv\u00ed molicemi, n\u011bkolika druhy hmyzu a vaj\u00ed\u010dky a larvami jin\u00fdch brouk\u016f. Dosp\u011blci se \u017eiv\u00ed m\u0161icemi, housenkami a dal\u0161\u00edm m\u011bkk\u00fdm hmyzem. Magnetem pro voj\u00e1ky jsou zlatob\u00fdly, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dnice jednokv\u011bt\u00e9 a z\u00e1stupci \u010deledi sedmikr\u00e1skovit\u00fdch.\n<\/p>\n

Pavouk. Tito osminoz\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pred\u00e1tory \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f na va\u0161em pozemku. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 zahrad\u011b se ji\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyskytuje n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek druh\u016f pavouk\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zahradn\u00ed pavouci netvo\u0159\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vl\u010d\u00ed pavouci \u017eij\u00ed v m\u011blk\u00fdch podzemn\u00edch nor\u00e1ch, v noci se potuluj\u00ed po povrchu p\u016fdy’nebo jednodu\u0161e \u010dekaj\u00ed u sv\u00e9 nory na nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed ko\u0159ist. Vytrval\u00e9 byliny, kter\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed do bujn\u00fdch ke\u0159\u016f, jsou \u010dasto \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi pavou\u010d\u00edmi zimovi\u0161ti a biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9 mul\u010de, jako je sl\u00e1ma a posekan\u00e1 tr\u00e1va, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 vl\u010d\u00ed pavouky. (V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee jedovat\u00ed pavouci obecn\u011b zahrady nevyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed.)\n<\/p>\n

Tachinidn\u00ed moucha. Tachinidn\u00ed mouchy jsou hr\u016fzn\u00ed parazit\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed lep\u00ed sv\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dka na hmyz, aby po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka mohli larvy zkonzumovat sv\u00e9ho hostitele jako potravu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy kladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka na list\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je potravou pro hmyz, a vaj\u00ed\u010dka se pak l\u00edhnou v jeho vnit\u0159nostech. Nebo mouchy vst\u0159ikuj\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka do t\u011bla jin\u00e9ho hmyzu ostr\u00fdm ovipozitorem. Mezi zahradn\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdce, kter\u00e9 mouchy tachinidy hub\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. svilu\u0161ky, kapust\u0148\u00e1ci, kyjatky, kobylky, japon\u0161t\u00ed brouci, listov\u00e9 v\u00e1clavky a d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edci. Mu\u0161ky tachinidy p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1te p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm rostlin, kter\u00e9 nesou de\u0161tn\u00ed\u010dky drobn\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f. Mezi plodiny, kter\u00e9 se k tomu hod\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed pohanka, mrkev, koriandr, kopr, krajka kr\u00e1lovny Anny a sladk\u00fd jetel.\n<\/p>\n

Vosa Trichogramma. Tyto vosi\u010dky velikosti kom\u00e1ra kladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka do vaj\u00ed\u010dek jin\u00e9ho hmyzu, kde se pak mlad\u00e9 trichogrammy vyv\u00edjej\u00ed jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed parazit\u00e9 a naru\u0161uj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus hostitele. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hostitele pat\u0159\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka kapustov\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f, tesa\u0159\u00edk\u016f a zav\u00edje\u010d\u016f kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch. Vosi\u010dky trichogrammy jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drobn\u00e9 na to, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat na zahrad\u011b; v\u011bdci v\u0161ak zjistili, \u017ee nektar z kv\u011bt\u016f pohanky a sladk\u00e9 husen\u00ed\u010dku v laboratorn\u00edch pokusech zv\u00fd\u0161il reprodukci vosi\u010dek.\n<\/p>\n

Vosy (\u017eahav\u00e9 druhy). Vosy mohou b\u00fdt skv\u011bl\u00fdmi spojenci na zahrad\u011b, proto\u017ee konzumuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed housenek po\u017e\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch listy a dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fdch mu\u0161ek, kter\u00fdmi krm\u00ed sv\u00e9 rostouc\u00ed larvy. Bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed, pokud se objev\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9 vesty nebo sr\u0161ni, a vos\u00ed hn\u00edzda si ozna\u010dte, abyste je neru\u0161ili. Vosy pap\u00edrov\u00e9 jsou m\u00e9n\u011b agresivn\u00ed ne\u017e \u017elut\u00e9 vesty nebo sr\u0161ni a r\u00e1dy hn\u00edzd\u00ed v pta\u010d\u00edch budk\u00e1ch bez dna rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch po zahrad\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

Fyzick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ochrany proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm
\n<\/h2>\n

\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Na konci sez\u00f3ny prov\u00e1d\u011bjte spr\u00e1vnou hygienu zahrady u n\u011bkter\u00fdch plodin, abyste naru\u0161ili \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u011bmito plodinami \u017eiv\u00ed. Po vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin okurek a d\u00fdn\u00ed odstra\u0148te ze zahrady zbytky rostlin a p\u0159ed kompostov\u00e1n\u00edm je nasekejte na mal\u00e9 kousky. Tot\u00e9\u017e ud\u011blejte s ch\u0159estem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee hostit ch\u0159estov\u00e9 brouky, a s brokolic\u00ed a pah\u00fdly zel\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou hostit m\u0161ice zeln\u00e9. Pokud m\u00e1te probl\u00e9my se \u0161k\u016fdci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ezimuj\u00ed jako dosp\u011blci, posekejte na podzim v\u0161echny zaplevelen\u00e9 plochy.\n<\/p>\n

M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00e1sky. Slim\u00e1ci dostanou nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok, pokud se plaz\u00ed po m\u011bdi. Zahradn\u00ed centra prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00e1sky, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete um\u00edstit kolem ur\u010dit\u00fdch plodin nebo jimi dokonce obklopit cel\u00e9 z\u00e1hony, abyste slim\u00e1ky udr\u017eeli venku. P\u00e1sy by m\u011bly b\u00fdt \u0161irok\u00e9 alespo\u0148 n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f, aby jimi slim\u00e1ci nemohli bez \u00fahony proj\u00edt.\n<\/p>\n

Obojky proti \u010derv\u016fm. Do p\u016fdy kolem raj\u010dat, paprik a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159esazen\u00fdch rostlinek zap\u00edchn\u011bte v\u00e1lcovit\u00e9 “l\u00edmce” — kter\u00e9 lze vyrobit z mal\u00fdch plechovek, kel\u00edmk\u016f od jogurtu nebo ruli\u010dek od toaletn\u00edho pap\u00edru —, abyste mlad\u00e9 rostliny ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm \u010dervoto\u010dem.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br. Ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br je pro ekologick\u00e9 zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159e nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na technologie, ale \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd: \u0160k\u016fdci se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed tak, \u017ee se na n\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1te a rozma\u010dk\u00e1te je nebo je smetete do kbel\u00edku s m\u00fddlovou vodou (nebo je posb\u00edr\u00e1te pro slepice). Kl\u00ed\u010dem k t\u00e9to metod\u011b je pe\u010dliv\u00fd dohled nad plodinami a znalost, jak \u0161k\u016fdce rozpoznat. \u0160k\u016fdci, jejich\u017e po\u010det nen\u00ed ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed a kte\u0159\u00ed jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b velc\u00ed na to, abyste je snadno spat\u0159ili, jako jsou slim\u00e1ci, roh\u00e1\u010di raj\u010dat a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dervci, jsou hlavn\u00edmi kandid\u00e1ty na ru\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011br.\n<\/p>\n

Dr\u016fbe\u017e. Hmyzo\u017erav\u00e1 dr\u016fbe\u017e se\u017eere prakticky jak\u00fdkoli hmyz, kter\u00fd se h\u00fdbe, v\u010detn\u011b kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at, lu\u010dn\u00edch kon\u00edk\u016f, bramborov\u00fdch brouk\u016f, slim\u00e1k\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch. Kachny jsou \u00fadajn\u011b bystr\u00fdmi hleda\u010di slim\u00e1k\u016f, a\u0165 u\u017e je nech\u00e1te na ja\u0159e a na podzim pracovat na zahrad\u011b, nebo si jich p\u00e1r najmete jako pomocn\u00edky po celou sez\u00f3nu. Slepice pracuj\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe v zim\u011b, proto\u017ee jejich \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit \u00farodu b\u011bhem vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. (Viz Slepice na zahrad\u011b: V \u010dl\u00e1nku Ekologick\u00e1 ochrana proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm najdete zpr\u00e1vy \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f o tom, jak nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji bojovat proti \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm pomoc\u00ed dr\u016fbe\u017ee).\n<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00e1dkov\u00e9 kryty. N\u011bkter\u00e9 plodiny ochr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u0161k\u016fdci lehk\u00e1 kryc\u00ed plachta na \u0159\u00e1dky nebo tylov\u00e9 pletivo. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem zakryjte sv\u016fj zeln\u00fd z\u00e1hon spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi plodinami z \u010deledi kapustovit\u00fdch, abyste zabr\u00e1nili mol\u016fm kapustov\u00fdm kl\u00e1st na rostliny vaj\u00ed\u010dka. K upevn\u011bn\u00ed kryt\u016f pou\u017eijte obru\u010de nebo tup\u00e9 k\u016fly. Pot\u00e9, co plodiny, nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00fdn\u011b, za\u010dnou kv\u00e9st, odstra\u0148te kryty, aby se ke kv\u011bt\u016fm dostali opylova\u010di.\n<\/p>\n

Vakuum. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se proti d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edk\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed vys\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pomoc\u00ed vysava\u010de. M\u00e1te dr\u016fbe\u017e? Vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bte vakuov\u00fd s\u00e1\u010dek do jejich ohrady a v\u0161ichni vyhraj\u00ed — samoz\u0159ejm\u011b krom\u011b \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f.\n<\/p>\n

\u017dlut\u00e9 lepov\u00e9 pasti. Ploch\u00e9 lepov\u00e9 pasti zav\u011bste v bl\u00edzkosti rostlin okurek, abyste chytili okurkov\u00e9 brouky. Chcete-li chytit ble\u0161ivce, um\u00edst\u011bte pasti v bl\u00edzkosti lilk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch plodin, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed n\u00e1porem ble\u0161ivc\u016f. Tito \u0161k\u016fdci jsou p\u0159itahov\u00e1ni barvou past\u00ed a chyt\u00ed se do nich.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Organick\u00e9 insekticidy
\n<\/h2>\n

Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis). Tato p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed bakterie zab\u00edj\u00ed housenky, kdy\u017e se\u017eerou listy, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed byly post\u0159\u00edk\u00e1ny. Kandid\u00e1ty na o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed proti Bt jsou housenky blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdch, kapustov\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f, kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch klas\u016f, diamantov\u00fdch mol\u016f, svinutc\u016f hroznov\u00fdch list\u016f, melounov\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f, raj\u010datov\u00fdch plodolist\u016f, raj\u010datov\u00fdch roh\u00e1\u010d\u016f a r\u016fzn\u00fdch pavu\u010dinov\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f a pupenov\u00fdch \u010dervc\u016f. Larvy mot\u00fdl\u016f mohou b\u00fdt Bt p\u0159\u00edpravkem rovn\u011b\u017e usmrceny, proto jej nepou\u017e\u00edvejte na hostitelsk\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch mot\u00fdl\u016f, jako je petr\u017eel. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed kmeny Bt pat\u0159\u00ed kmen, kter\u00fd hub\u00ed larvy kom\u00e1r\u016f, a kmen, kter\u00fd je toxick\u00fd pro larvy bramborov\u00e9ho brouka z Colorada. Slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch Bt rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1, proto jej aplikujte v pozdn\u00edch denn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch. Po siln\u00e9m de\u0161ti aplikujte znovu.\n<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

Diatomaceous earth (DE). Pr\u00e1\u0161ek vyroben\u00fd ze zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch zbytk\u016f vodn\u00edch organism\u016f zvan\u00fdch “diatomy ” DE m\u00e1 ostr\u00e9 hrany, kter\u00e9 se za\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed do t\u011bl hmyzu a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jeho smrt dehydratac\u00ed. Za mokra je DE m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, p\u0159esto jej lze na zahrad\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt ke zt\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota ble\u0161ivc\u016fm a nov\u011b se objeviv\u0161\u00edm st\u0159ihavk\u00e1m a japonsk\u00fdm brouk\u016fm. Za such\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed odpuzuje DE rozprost\u0159en\u00fd pod rostlinami slim\u00e1ky. Such\u00fd DE lehce posypte na povrch p\u016fdy, kde se japon\u0161t\u00ed brouci, slim\u00e1ci nebo jin\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci dostanou do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu se such\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi. Obnovte po de\u0161ti nebo rose.\n<\/p>\n

Zahradnick\u00e9 oleje. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 aplikaci na \u0161k\u016fdce naru\u0161uj\u00ed zahradnick\u00e9 oleje d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed udu\u0161en\u00ed a \u00fahyn hmyzu. Tyto oleje pom\u00e1haj\u00ed hubit m\u0161ice, bejlomorky a dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdce, ale mohou tak\u00e9 hubit u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 rozto\u010de a po\u0161kozovat listy n\u011bkter\u00fdch rostlin. \u010cast\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdnosy, i kdy\u017e je \u0161k\u016fdce pod kontrolou. Zahradnick\u00e9 oleje, kter\u00e9 se nejl\u00e9pe aplikuj\u00ed za chladn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, jsou cenn\u00fdmi spojenci v ekologick\u00fdch sadech, kde mohou potla\u010dovat \u0161k\u016fdce p\u0159ezimuj\u00edc\u00ed ve \u0161t\u011brbin\u00e1ch k\u016fry.\n<\/p>\n

Insekticidn\u00ed m\u00fddlo. Mastn\u00e9 kyseliny obsa\u017een\u00e9 v insekticidn\u00edch m\u00fddlech rozb\u00edjej\u00ed ochrannou kutikulu m\u011bkk\u00fdch \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f, jako jsou m\u0161ice, kter\u00e9 se pak rychle dehydratuj\u00ed a odum\u00edraj\u00ed. M\u00fddlov\u00e9 post\u0159iky nemaj\u00ed rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek a hub\u00ed pouze hmyz, kter\u00fd je post\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo. D\u016fkladn\u011b navlh\u010dete ob\u011b strany list\u016f a vnit\u0159ek v\u0161ech \u0161t\u011brbin. Aplikace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 opakovan\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden, proto\u017ee se l\u00edhnou nov\u00e9 m\u0161ice nebo blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kolonie. Chcete-li si doma vyrobit m\u00fddlov\u00fd post\u0159ik, sm\u00edchejte 1 pol\u00e9vkovou l\u017e\u00edci prost\u0159edku na myt\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed na \u010dtvrt litru vody. Zakoupen\u00e1 insekticidn\u00ed m\u00fddla jsou v\u0161ak \u010dist\u0161\u00ed a je m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee po\u0161kod\u00ed listy. \u010cast\u00e9 post\u0159iky m\u00fddlem mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdnosy n\u011bkter\u00fdch plodin. P\u0159i \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed m\u00fddlov\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1t\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvejte m\u011bkkou nebo de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu.\n<\/p>\n

Fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9 n\u00e1vnady na slim\u00e1ky. Rozsypte granule s n\u00e1vnadou na slim\u00e1ky rovnom\u011brn\u011b po z\u00e1honech a slim\u00e1ci je budou j\u00edst m\u00edsto rostlin a pak se odplaz\u00ed a zem\u0159ou. N\u00e1vnada je netoxick\u00e1 pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata a lidi. Obl\u00edbenou zna\u010dkou tohoto typu n\u00e1vnady je Sluggo.\n<\/p>\n

Neem. P\u0159i aplikaci na hmyz a rostliny, kter\u00fdmi se \u017eiv\u00ed, zp\u016fsobuje neemov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z asijsk\u00e9ho stromu, \u017ee se mnoho druh\u016f hmyzu m\u00e9n\u011b \u017eiv\u00ed, pomaleji roste, m\u00e9n\u011b se l\u00edhne a p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00e1st vaj\u00ed\u010dka. Neem nejl\u00e9pe p\u016fsob\u00ed na mlad\u00fd hmyz, zejm\u00e9na na ten, kter\u00fd rychle roste, jako jsou bramborov\u00ed brouci z Colorada, mexi\u010dt\u00ed fazolov\u00ed brouci a d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edci. Neem m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 potla\u010dit m\u0161ice a housenky listo\u017erav\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n

Pyrethrum. Jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch pesticid\u016f, rychle p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed pyretrum, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm insekticidem povolen\u00fdm podle americk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch norem, tak\u017ee ho pou\u017e\u00edvejte a\u017e pot\u00e9, co jste vy\u010derpali ostatn\u00ed metody. Hmyz, v\u010detn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho, je obvykle paralyzov\u00e1n, jakmile se dostane do kontaktu s pyretrem, kter\u00e9 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ze su\u0161en\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f kopretiny Tanacetum cinerariifolium. Pomoc\u00ed pyretra lze \u010dasto dostat pod kontrolu m\u0161ice, svilu\u0161ky, bramborov\u00e9 brouky, okurkov\u00e9 brouky, st\u0159iha\u010de, listonohy, d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edky a b\u011bl\u00e1sky.\n<\/p>\n

Spinosad. Spinosad je biologick\u00fd pesticid z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fd z bakterie Saccharopolyspora spinosa, kter\u00e1 produkuje l\u00e1tku, je\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed jako neurotoxin na mnoho druh\u016f hmyzu (ale ne na v\u0161echny). Citliv\u00e9 druhy hmyzu se vy\u010derpaj\u00ed, p\u0159estanou p\u0159ij\u00edmat potravu a do dvou dn\u016f uhynou. Spinosad p\u016fsob\u00ed proti v\u0161em druh\u016fm housenek, larv\u00e1m bramborov\u00e9ho chrob\u00e1ka coloradsk\u00e9ho a puch\u00fd\u0159n\u00edk\u016fm a nejl\u00e9pe p\u016fsob\u00ed na \u0161k\u016fdce, kte\u0159\u00ed spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed listov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159ebujete se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se \u0161k\u016fdci na zahrad\u011b? Pod\u00edvejte se na \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek 15 nejhor\u0161\u00edch \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f na zahrad\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

P\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed redaktorka Barbara Pleasant zahradni\u010d\u00ed v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Virginii, kde p\u011bstuje zeleninu, bylinky, ovoce, kv\u011btiny a n\u011bkolik \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch slepic. Barbaru m\u016f\u017eete kontaktovat na jej\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.\n<\/p>\n

Shelley Stonebrookov\u00e1 je b\u00fdval\u00e1 redaktorka \u010dasopisu MOTHER EARTH NEWS. Jej\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed je p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch potravin a ve voln\u00e9m \u010dase tak\u00e9 provozuje spole\u010dnost Stonegrass Farms Soap Co.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hojnost bzu\u010d\u00edc\u00edho, sk\u00e1kaj\u00edc\u00edho, poletuj\u00edc\u00edho a lezouc\u00edho hmyzu je charakteristick\u00fdm znakem ka\u017ed\u00e9 zdrav\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 zahrady. Tato rozmanitost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hmyz, kter\u00fd by se mohl \u017eivit va\u0161imi plodinami, bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dr\u017een pod kontrolou sv\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli. V mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci jednodu\u0161e poskytuj\u00ed potravu pt\u00e1k\u016fm a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9mu hmyzu, a pokud jsou va\u0161e p\u016fda a plodiny zdrav\u00e9, rostliny se tlaku […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-pest-control"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80374\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}