Spl\u0148te si sv\u016fj sen o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod d\u00edky tomuto pr\u016fvodci o tom, jak jahody rostou, kdy je s\u00e1zet, jak\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy jahod a dal\u0161\u00ed informace. Nau\u010dte se p\u011bstovat jahody je\u0161t\u011b dnes!\n<\/p>\n
Dom\u00e1c\u00ed jahody, prvn\u00ed plody l\u00e9ta, jsou tis\u00edckr\u00e1t chutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tvrd\u00e9 jahody bez chuti ze supermarket\u016f. Jahody jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chladu a p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9, tak\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed k nejsnadn\u011bji p\u011bstovateln\u00fdm bobul\u00edm. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch je rychl\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro mal\u00fd prostor a da\u0159\u00ed se jim i na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch z\u00e1honech.\n<\/p>\n
P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod vy\u017eaduje slunce a kyselou p\u016fdu s pH mezi 5,5 a 6,5. Jahody vysazujte ji\u017e \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed posledn\u00edmi mrazy. Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby chra\u0148te p\u0159ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edm chladem a v\u011btrem pomoc\u00ed kryt\u016f na \u0159\u00e1dky. Rostliny m\u016f\u017eete vysadit tak\u00e9 na podzim, co\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 praxe tam, kde jsou zimy m\u00edrn\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
Vyberte si slunn\u00e9, \u00farodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto bez vytrval\u00fdch plevel\u016f. Jahodov\u00fd z\u00e1hon bude dob\u0159e plodit 3 a\u017e 4 roky, proto m\u00edsto oboha\u0165te velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm organick\u00e9 hmoty. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu druh\u016f jahod jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1hony nebo sadbova\u010de, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc usnad\u0148uj\u00ed sb\u011br plod\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
N\u011bkolik odr\u016fd lze vyp\u011bstovat ze semen, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159\u016f u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed 1 a\u017e 2 roky p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee vysad\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 rostliny p\u011bstovan\u00e9 v kontejnerech nebo rostliny bez ko\u0159en\u016f prod\u00e1van\u00e9 ve svazc\u00edch. Jednotliv\u00e9 rostliny p\u0159esa\u010fte do stejn\u00e9 hloubky, v jak\u00e9 rostly v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. Rozlo\u017ete rostliny ve svazc\u00edch a od\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte odum\u0159el\u00e9 listy a ko\u0159eny. Najd\u011bte centr\u00e1ln\u00ed korunku a p\u0159esa\u010fte ji tak, aby z\u00e1kladna korunky spo\u010d\u00edvala na hranici p\u016fdy a ko\u0159eny byly rozprost\u0159en\u00e9. Mezi v\u0161emi rostlinami jahodn\u00edku mul\u010dujte jehli\u010d\u00edm, nasekan\u00fdm list\u00edm nebo jin\u00fdm mul\u010dem, kter\u00fd podporuje kysel\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed podm\u00ednky.\n<\/p>\n
N\u00e1roky na prostor se li\u0161\u00ed podle typu a odr\u016fdy jahodn\u00edku. Ty, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bujn\u00fdch odno\u017e\u00ed, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vysazeny 18 palc\u016f od sebe (do konce l\u00e9ta zapln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu voln\u00e9ho prostoru). Jahody vysokohorsk\u00e9, kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky — jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ‘Mignonette’ —, s\u00e1zejte na z\u00e1hony 12 palc\u016f od sebe nebo do n\u00e1dob 8 palc\u016f od sebe.\n<\/p>\n
Po jarn\u00ed v\u00fdsadb\u011b otrhejte kv\u011bty, kter\u00e9 se na \u010dervnov\u00fdch odr\u016fd\u00e1ch vytvo\u0159\u00ed v prvn\u00ed sez\u00f3n\u011b. U st\u00e1le plod\u00edc\u00edch odr\u016fd (zejm\u00e9na u vysokohorsk\u00fdch) m\u016f\u017ee od\u0161tipov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f v\u00e9st k lep\u0161\u00ed produkci pozd\u011bji dozr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch plod\u016f s intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chut\u00ed. U bujn\u011b rostouc\u00edch odr\u016fd u\u0161t\u00edpn\u011bte p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu kv\u011bt\u016f, abyste mate\u0159sk\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m pomohli soust\u0159edit se na \u00farodu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce.\n<\/p>\n
Pokud nepot\u0159ebujete v\u00edce rostlin, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech odno\u017e\u00ed ze st\u00e1le plod\u00edc\u00edch odr\u016fd zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte produkci velk\u00fdch a \u0161\u0165avnat\u00fdch bobul\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1hony s \u010dervnov\u00fdmi jahodami obnovte v l\u00e9t\u011b, po skon\u010den\u00ed obdob\u00ed plod\u016f. Vytrhejte plevel a rostliny pro\u0159e\u017ete na vzd\u00e1lenost 6 palc\u016f od sebe. Posekejte nebo od\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte star\u00e9 listy 4 palce od zem\u011b a mezi rostliny rozd\u011blte lehkou d\u00e1vku vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho organick\u00e9ho hnojiva. Na obnoven\u00fd z\u00e1hon nasypte p\u016fl centimetru kompostu bez plevele nebo \u00farodn\u00e9 zahradn\u00ed zeminy. Takto upraven\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba 25 \u010dervnov\u00fdch jahodn\u00edk\u016f na z\u00e1honu o rozloze 30 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch stop vyprodukuje ro\u010dn\u011b asi 25 \u010dtvrtlitr\u016f (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 liber) jahod po dobu 3 a\u017e 4 let.\n<\/p>\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina jahod vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rozchodn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 lze vycvi\u010dit, aby zako\u0159enily na slibn\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Koncem l\u00e9ta nebo hned na ja\u0159e je p\u0159esa\u010fte. Odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed odno\u017ee, lze rozd\u011blit a p\u0159esadit, nejl\u00e9pe brzy na ja\u0159e.\n<\/p>\n
Slim\u00e1ci a hlem\u00fd\u017edi v noci prokous\u00e1vaj\u00ed kulat\u00e9 otvory v ovoci a p\u0159es den se schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v mul\u010di. Bojujte proti nim ru\u010dn\u00edm sb\u011brem, do\u010dasn\u00fdm odhrnut\u00edm mul\u010de a odchytem do past\u00ed. Kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00edm ze strany pt\u00e1k\u016f zabr\u00e1n\u00edte t\u00edm, \u017ee v dob\u011b dozr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edch plod\u016f zakryjete z\u00e1hon s\u00ed\u0165ovinou.\n<\/p>\n
Jahody mohou b\u00fdt oslabeny \u0159adou chorob zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch listov\u00fdmi skvrnitostmi, kter\u00e9 lze p\u0159eru\u0161it kosen\u00edm nebo od\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm list\u016f uprost\u0159ed l\u00e9ta.\n<\/p>\n
U star\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsadeb se \u010dasto objevuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s ko\u0159enovou hnilobou. Ka\u017ed\u00fdch 4 a\u017e 5 let zalo\u017ete nov\u00fd z\u00e1hon na nov\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b.\n<\/p>\n
Druhy jahod se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi r\u016fstov\u00fdmi zvyklostmi a dobou plodnosti. Chcete-li dos\u00e1hnout del\u0161\u00ed produktivity a jedine\u010dn\u00e9 chuti, zva\u017ete p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika druh\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Odr\u016fdy: ‘Earliglow,’ ‘Honeoye,’ ‘Jewel,’ ‘Sparkle’\n<\/p>\n
\u010cervnov\u00e9 jahody (Fragaria x ananassa) rostou v mnoha klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a skl\u00edzej\u00ed \u00farodu po dobu t\u0159\u00ed t\u00fddn\u016f od konce jara do za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta. Nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed zimn\u00ed teploty a\u017e do minus 30 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Rostliny vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed mnoho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017ek\u016f a rostou jako p\u016fdn\u00ed pokryv nebo v matn\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 ranosti, vysok\u00e9 kvalit\u011b a koncentrovan\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed plod\u016f jsou \u010dervnov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro zava\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
Odr\u016fdy: ‘Albion,’ ‘Evie 2,’ ‘Mara Des Bois,’ ‘Seascape’\n<\/p>\n
St\u00e1le plod\u00edc\u00ed jahody (F. x ananassa), naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jahody s neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teplotou, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta bohatou \u00farodu bobul\u00ed, po kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje n\u011bkolik slab\u0161\u00edch \u00farod na konci l\u00e9ta a na podzim. Pro dobrou \u00farodu po celou sez\u00f3nu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed teploty (pod 65 \u00b0C). Jsou to vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed jahody do velk\u00fdch n\u00e1dob nebo na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1hony, kde jim m\u016f\u017eete dop\u0159\u00e1t pozornou z\u00e1livku a pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159ikrmov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejsou tak mrazuvzdorn\u00e9 jako \u010dervnov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed i teploty minus 15 stup\u0148\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Odr\u016fdy: ‘Alexandria,’ ‘Mignonette,’ ‘Rugen’\n<\/p>\n
Alpsk\u00e9 jahody (F. vesca) plod\u00ed deseticentimetrov\u00e9 bobule s intenzivn\u00ed chut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt podle odr\u016fdy \u010derven\u00e9, \u017elut\u00e9 nebo b\u00edl\u00e9. Mnoho odr\u016fd lze p\u011bstovat ze semen, jsou mrazuvzdorn\u00e9 do minus 20 stup\u0148\u016f a nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky, tak\u017ee je lze snadno p\u011bstovat v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch nebo na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch z\u00e1honech. Vzhledem k jejich mal\u00e9 velikosti se alpsk\u00e9 jahody nejsn\u00e1ze skl\u00edzej\u00ed, pokud se p\u011bstuj\u00ed na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch z\u00e1honech nebo v prostorn\u00fdch kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u00edch. Drobn\u00e9 plody maj\u00ed velkou chu\u0165, nejl\u00e9pe se sb\u00edraj\u00ed zral\u00e9 a konzumuj\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
Odr\u016fdy: ‘Capron,’ ‘Profumata di Tortona,’ ‘Rosea’\n<\/p>\n
Jahodn\u00edk pi\u017emov\u00fd (F. moschata) vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed drobn\u00e9 plody s ostrou v\u016fn\u00ed a intenzivn\u011b aromatick\u00fdmi plody. Plody b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a je jich m\u00e1lo, jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed se zlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm sam\u010d\u00edch rostlin jednou za n\u011bkolik let. Neobvykle vysok\u00e9, bujn\u011b rostouc\u00ed rostliny vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hust\u00fd p\u016fdn\u00ed pokryv, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee udusit plevel. Jahody pi\u017emov\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hou\u017eevnat\u00e9 pro n\u00e1doby a jsou mrazuvzdorn\u00e9 nejm\u00e9n\u011b do minus 10 stup\u0148\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
V ka\u017ed\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vejte ur\u010dit\u00e9 zm\u011bny chuti. Chladn\u00e1 a vlhk\u00e1 jara vedou k m\u011bkk\u00fdm, vodnat\u00fdm plod\u016fm, zat\u00edmco hojnost tepl\u00e9ho slunce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a slad\u0161\u00ed plody.\n<\/p>\n
Sb\u00edrejte jahody s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm zelen\u00fdm stonkem. Skl\u00edzejte je v rann\u00edm chladu a ihned je ulo\u017ete do chladni\u010dky. S omyt\u00edm jahod pod tekouc\u00ed studenou vodou a odstran\u011bn\u00edm zelen\u00fdch \u010depi\u010dek po\u010dkejte a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed konzumac\u00ed nebo konzervov\u00e1n\u00edm. Pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed chu\u0165 a barvu jahody zava\u0159te do t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Hojn\u00e1 hrst \u010derstv\u00fdch jahod v\u00e1m dod\u00e1 denn\u00ed d\u00e1vku vitaminu C, manganu a des\u00edtky dal\u0161\u00edch \u017eivin. Vhodnou chut\u00ed jsou mandle, m\u00e1ta, pomeran\u010de, ostr\u00e9 s\u00fdry nebo \u010dokol\u00e1da. Jahody se dob\u0159e kombinuj\u00ed s rebarborou v kol\u00e1\u010d\u00edch, dortech a dokonce i ve v\u00edn\u011b. Nedokonal\u00e9 plody zmrazte a pou\u017eijte je do koktejl\u016f nebo muffin\u016f a jin\u00fdch rychl\u00fdch chleb\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
Cel\u00e9 jahody m\u016f\u017eete zmrazit tak, \u017ee je such\u00e9 polo\u017e\u00edte na plech, dokud neztuhnou, a pot\u00e9 je p\u0159end\u00e1te do n\u00e1doby vhodn\u00e9 do mrazni\u010dky. Jahodov\u00e9 d\u017eemy nebo zava\u0159eniny lze zpracovat v konzerv\u00e1rn\u011b ve vodn\u00ed l\u00e1zni. (Viz \u010d\u00e1st Zava\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod: Snadn\u00e9 recepty na prodlou\u017een\u00ed jahodov\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny, kde najdete n\u011bkolik dobr\u00fdch recept\u016f na marmel\u00e1dy). Su\u0161en\u00e9 jahodov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tky a jahodovou k\u016f\u017ei lze snadno p\u0159ipravit v dehydr\u00e1toru.\n<\/p>\n
Podrobnosti o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f zeleniny a ovoce najdete na str\u00e1nce sb\u00edrky Plodiny v kostce.\n<\/p>\n
Pro pomoc s term\u00edny v\u00fdsadby, rozestupy a dal\u0161\u00edmi aspekty pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrady se ur\u010dit\u011b pod\u00edvejte na n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd online pl\u00e1nova\u010d zeleninov\u00e9 zahrady.\n<\/p>\n
P\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed redaktorka Barbara Pleasant zahradni\u010d\u00ed v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Virginii, kde p\u011bstuje zeleninu, bylinky, ovoce, kv\u011btiny a n\u011bkolik \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch slepic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Spl\u0148te si sv\u016fj sen o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed jahod d\u00edky tomuto pr\u016fvodci o tom, jak jahody rostou, kdy je s\u00e1zet, jak\u00e9 jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy jahod a dal\u0161\u00ed informace. Nau\u010dte se p\u011bstovat jahody je\u0161t\u011b dnes! Dom\u00e1c\u00ed jahody, prvn\u00ed plody l\u00e9ta, jsou tis\u00edckr\u00e1t chutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tvrd\u00e9 jahody bez chuti ze supermarket\u016f. Jahody jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chladu a p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9, tak\u017ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":79806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-79802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-fruits"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79802"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79802\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my-garden.blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}